Organic chemistry

• An organic molecule is a molecule containing carbon atoms.
• Molecular formula is a chemical formula that indicates the element and numbers of each of the atoms in a molecule.
• A structural formula is a formula of a compound that shows which atoms attached to which within the molecule. Atoms are represented by their chemical symbols and lines are used to represent ALL the bonds that hold the atoms together.
• A condensed structural formula is the notation used to show the way in which atoms are bonded together in a molecule, but DOES NOT SHOW ALL bond lines.
• A hydrocarbon is an organic compound that contains hydrogen and carbon ONLY.
• A homologus series is a series of organic compounds that can be described by the same general formula OR in which one member differs from the next with a CH2 group.
• A saturated compound is a compound in which there are no multiple bonds between Carbon atoms their hydrocarbon chains.
• An unsaturated compound is a compound with one or more multiple bonds between carbon atoms in their hydrocarbon chains.
• A functional group is a bond or an atom or a group of atoms that determine(s) the physical and chemical properties of a group of organic compounds.
• A structural isomer is an organic molecule with the same molecular formula, but different structural formulae.
• Chain isomers are molecules with the same molecular formula, but different types of chains.
• Positional isomers are molecules with the same molecular formula, but different positions of the side chain, substituents or functional groups on the parent chain.
• Functional isomers are molecules with the same molecular formula, but different functional groups.
• The suffix for esters is:

  -oate
• The general formula for Ester is :


  RCOOR
• The functional isomer of estes is:

  Carboxylic acids
• Esters are formed by a chemical reaction called:

  Esterfication
• Reacton conditions for Esterfication:

  • Reaction solution is heated in water bath
  • The catalyst concentrated sulphric acid is present
• The functional group of an ester:

  Ester link