Explain its significance

• What is the relationship between the past accumulated reward and the subjective value?

  The past accumulated reward increases the subjective value
• How does the subjective value change over time according to the image?

  The subjective value increases over time
• How does JND differ from Absolute Threshold?

  JND measures change, while Absolute Threshold measures detection
• How does the error in time perception affect the future outcome magnitude?

  The error in time perception leads to an increase in the future outcome magnitude
• What does Weber's Law state about JND?

  JND is proportional to stimulus magnitude
• What does $\Delta \phi$ represent in Weber's Law?


  Just-noticeable difference (JND)
• How can the error in time perception be reduced?

  • Reducing the just-noticeable difference in time perception
  • This will minimize the error in subjective value
• What is the difference between the comparison size when selected 25% of the time and 75% of the time?

  • Comparison size when selected 25% of the time: 5 pixels
  • Comparison size when selected 75% of the time: 12 pixels
  • Difference: 12 - 5 = 7 pixels
• What does \(\Delta \phi\) represent in Weber's Law?

  It represents the Just Noticeable Difference
• What are the three main methods to measure JND?

  1. Constant stimuli
  2. Adaptive method
  3. Forced choice
• What is the name of the image?

  1 dE00 or less (a JND) from Ellipse Center, at the given Y
• What is the process of the constant stimuli method?

  Randomly present fixed stimulus pairs
• What is a disadvantage of the constant stimuli method?

  It is time-consuming
• What does the threshold in the psychometric function indicate?

  It helps determine JND measurement accuracy
• What does Absolute Threshold measure?

  Smallest amount of stimulus needed for detection
• Why are slight changes in food packaging carefully calculated?

  To remain noticeable but cost-effective
• How does Weber's Law relate to sensory changes?

  It explains how sensory changes are perceived
• What is the error in subjective value due to error in time perception?

  Error in Subjective Value
• What does JND stand for?

  Just Noticeable Difference
• If you can detect a 10Hz change at 100Hz, what change is needed at 1000Hz?

  100Hz change
• What is an advantage of the adaptive method?

  It is efficient
• What are the two types of comparisons shown in the graph?

  • Comparison selected 25% of the time
  • Comparison selected 75% of the time
• What does $\phi$ represent in Weber's Law?


  Stimulus magnitude
• What does the formula \(\frac{\Delta \phi}{\phi} = k\) represent?

  Weber's Law relating JND to stimulus magnitude
• What is the comparison size (radius in pixels) when the comparison is selected 25% of the time?

  5
• What is the range of the y-axis in the image?

  0.0 to 0.8
• What is the purpose of Absolute Threshold and JND?

  • Absolute Threshold: Detect presence of a stimulus
  • JND: Detect change in intensity
• What is the relevance of understanding JND?

  It aids in understanding perceptual discrimination
• What does the image represent?

  • The image represents a chromatic ellipse, which is a graphical representation of the just-noticeable difference (JND) in color perception.
  • The ellipse shows the range of colors that are indistinguishable from a given color (the center of the ellipse) for a human observer.
• What does the constant $k$ represent in Weber's Law?


  A proportional constant
• How does subjective value change with perceived time according to the image?

  • Errors in time perception affect detection
  • Illustrated by dotted vs solid lines
• What are the three time periods shown in the image?

  • Past
  • Now
  • Future
• How does the JND relate to two shades of grey?

  It's the smallest intensity change noticed
• How is the relationship between JND and stimulus magnitude expressed mathematically?

  $\frac{\Delta \phi}{\phi} =$$k$
• Why is the JND important in perception?

  It helps understand perceptual changes
• What is a disadvantage of the forced choice method?

  It requires many trials
• What does \(\phi\) represent in Weber's Law?

  It represents the stimulus magnitude
• What are the advantages and disadvantages of the three methods to measure JND?

  Constant stimuli:

  • Advantages: Most accurate
  • Disadvantages: Time-consuming

  
  

  Adaptive method:

  • Advantages: Efficient
  • Disadvantages: Can be biased

  
  

  Forced choice:

  • Advantages: Objective
  • Disadvantages: Requires many trials
• How does the error in time perception affect the subjective value?

  • The error in time perception leads to an error in the subjective value
  • This error in subjective value increases over time
• What is Weber's Law in relation to JND?

  • JND is proportional to stimulus magnitude
  • Formula: \(\frac{\Delta \phi}{\phi} = k\)
  • \(\Delta \phi\): JND
  • \(\phi\): stimulus magnitude
  • \(k\): constant