Genetics and Evolution

• What are fossils?

  Remains of organisms from millions of years ago
• What is needed for decay to happen?

  Oxygen, bacteria, correct temp
• 4 reasons why fossil record is incomplete

  Many early life species were soft-bodied, most organisms werent fossilised bc of unfavourable conditions, most were destroyed by geological activity, many have not been found
• How is the fossil record helpful?

  shows how organisms have changed over time
• Define extinction

  permanent loss of all members of a species
• 3 causes of extinction

  predators, disease, successful competitors
• What causes mass extinciton?

  Catastrophic event (volcanic eruption, earthquake)
• What is antibiotic resistance?

  Random mutation in bacterial DNA
• what causes antibiotic resistance?

  Random mutations in bacteria
• Why can bacteria evolve quicker than others?

  it reproduces at a quicker rate
• 3 ways to slow antibiotic resistant strains

  Don't overuse antibiotics, only prescribe antibiotics for serious infections, patients finish antibiotic course every time
• Why is it difficult to develop new antibiotics?

  It is expensive and very slow
• What does Classification Of Organisms mean?

  Organisation of organisms into groups based on similiarites
• Person who developed classification system..

  Carl Linnaeus
• 7 hierachical levels of Classification system..

  Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
• What does binomial mean?

  two names
• How many domains are there?

  3
• How many Kingdoms are there?

  6
• What are the 3 domains?

  Archae, Bacteria and Eukaryota
• What are the 6 kingdoms?

  Archaebacteria, Eubacteria, protista, fungi, plants and animals
• How is classification helpful?

  helps us understand evolutionary relationships
• Model used to show how different organisms are related

  Evolutionary trees