unit 4

• what is the quaternary sector?

  knowledge based sector
• how much is the quaternary sector worth?

  over £30 billion
• how many working people belong to quaternary sector?

  10-15% which has grown over past few decades
• what has the growth of quaternary sector been because of?

  Firms investing in larger research departments to help develop new products more quickly for saturated markets

  expansion of universities and higher education, driven by government recognition that a high-skilled workforce is vital for the UK’s continuing economic success  
• why are tertiary and quaternary now largest sectors in UK?

  manufacturing jobs moving overseas as part of a global shift in employment opportunities
• what are the key factors for location and growth of quaternary sector?

  skilled workforce, need high skills and qualifications to work in quaternary so industries locate around unis and research institutes

  fast internet, organisations to share info at global scale for success

  transport, key personnel can attend meetings and develop ideas

  government, British spent 9 billion on projects in research
• where is the M4 corridor?

  west of London through reading and Bristol to the south of Wales
• what is the M4 corridor?

  high tech industries, telecommunications and micro-electronics have located here
• what is an advantage of M4 corridor in terms of transport?

  both M4 and A34 provide good road communication

  railway line with quick route into central London for business meetings

  Heathrow airport on M4 providing overseas access
• what is an advantage of M4 corridor in terms of industries?

  government research centres aldermaston and Harwell in area have encouraged related industries to work there

  inward migration fro around UK seeking high paid employment created skilled and motivated work force
• what is an advantage of M4 corridor in terms of univeristies?

  nearby unis such as Oxford, Brunel and reading have stimulated research projects and development of expertise
• what is an advantage of M4 corridor in terms of environment?

  attractive area of thames valley and cotswolds provide homes for highly paid workers
• what is another case study of quaternary cluster industry?

  Cambridge science park
• who established Cambridge science park?

  trinity college in 1970
• by 1999 how many companies located at Cambridge science park?

  64 companies employing 4000 staff
• what is agglomeration of economies?

  benefits that come when firms and people locate near one another in cities and industrial clusters
• what are examples of biomedical and computer companies at Cambridge science park?

  biomedical- aster pharmaceuticals

  computer- microsoft
• what key transport make Cambridge science park accessible?

  next to junction 33 on A14 close to M11 = accessible

  tramline close to link to London with park and ride
• how does Cambridge compare to other areas of UK in terms of % employed in science related jobs?

  Cambridge has 8% compared to 2-4% in Bristol and Manchester with closest area being 6% in Oxford
• what has happened to house prices in Cambridge?

  almost double England average in 2020

  cambridge median price £420,000 compared to £240,000 in England
• how does unemployment rate in Cambridge compared to rest of UK?

  low levels of 2.7% unemployed compared to Englands rate of 4.4%
• what has happened in road traffic in Cambridge?

  since 2000 significant increase

  drivers estimated to be in 27 hours of traffic at rush hour per year

  Cambridge 13th worst town for traffic costing economy millions of pounds
• what has happened to population in Cambridge?

  significant increase

  increased by 17% in 2021 compared to 12.5% increase in England
• who are the winners (economic) of Cambridge economic growth?

  government receive more tax from population to reinvest

  investors and landlords from higher property prices

  30,000 people employed in quaternary sector
• who are the winners (socially) of Cambridge growth?

  higher influx of people increase socialising- growth of leisure activities
• who are the losers (economically) of Cambridge?

  lower class pushed out area due to higher house prices against young highly educated
• who are the loses (environment) of Cambridge?

  increased road traffic increased air pollution and noise pollution with outward growth of city into green spaces