parasitology lecture

• PARASITES Organisms that live on and obtain their nutrients from another organism - Feeds under host while harming them
• MEDICAL PARASITOLOGY - Parasites of humans and their medical significance and their importance in the human community
• TROPICAL MEDICINE - Tropical disease of tropical regions - E.g. Philippines
• TROPICAL DISEASE - An illness indigenous to or endemic in a tropical area
• MUTUALISM - Both benefits - E.g. Butterfly and flower (Polenation)
• COMMENSALISM - One benefits while not harming the other - E.g. A benefits, B unaffected
• PARASITISM - One benefits while the other is harmed - E.g. Tick among animals
• 2 types of parasite according to habitat- Endoparasite and Ectoparasite
• 3 type of parasite according to degree- Obligate parasite, Facultative parasite and Accidental or incidental parasite
• 3 type of parasite according to duration- permanent parasite, Temporary parasite and Spurious parasite
• ENDOPARASITE - Parasite INSIDE the body of host
• ECTOPARASITE - Parasite OUTSIDE the body of host
• OBLIGATE PARASITES - They need a host at some stage of their life cycle to complete their development and to propagate their species - They need another host to continue their life cycle
• FACULATIVE PARASITES - Exist in a free living stage or may become parasitic when the need arises - Normally, they are just organisms - No environment, no growth
• ACCIDENTAL OR INCIDENTAL PARASITE - Established itself in a host where it does not ordinarily live
• PERMANENT PARASITE - Remains inside the body of the host for its entire life
• TEMPORARY PARASITE - Lives on the host only for a short period of time
• SPURIOUS PARASITE - Free living organism that passes through the digestive tract without infecting the host - They are not your parasite
• 4 TYPE OF HOST 1. Definitive or final host 2. Intermediate host 3. Paratenic host 4. Reservoir host
• DEFINITIVE OR FINAL HOST - Parasite that attains sexual maturity, harbors the adult parasite, male or female
• INTERMEDIATE HOST - Asexual or larval stage of the parasite - Not male or female - parasite undergo asexual multiplication
• PARATENIC HOST - Does not develop to further stages - No way to leave - harbors the sexually immature parasite but cannot develop further in the host
• RESERVOIR HOST - They allow the parasite’s life cycle to continue - do not get disease carried by the pathogen
• incidental/accidental host- it shelter the parasite but cannot progress the life cycle development
• BIOLOGIC VECTOR - Transmits parasite only after the latter has completed its development within the host - Feed the host - E.g. Does not develop within the parasite; When life cycle is acquired - A → B (Malaria through mosquito)
• MECHANICAL OR PHORETIC VECTOR - Transports the parasite - Indirect - Develop within the parasite
• CARRIER - Harbors particular pathogen without manifesting any signs and symptoms - Carry parasite without infecting - E.g. No bowel movement o Asymptomatic o When passed to another (infection/they are infective)
• EXPOSURE - The process on inoculating an infective agent - Introduction of parasite to the host - Infected or not/Carrier or not
• INFECTION - Connotes the establishment of the infective agent in the host - Manifest signs and symptoms - E.g. Carrier
• INCUBATION PERIOD - The period between infection and evidence of symptoms - Time between exposure and infection
• AUTOINFECTION - Results when an infected individual becomes his own direct source of infection - E.g. Morbius Vermicularis ( anal → hand → mouth)
• INFECTIVE STAGE - Mode of transmission, a morphologic form that invades humans - Manifestations of symptoms - E.g. Egg, larva, adult
• DIAGNOSTIC STAGE - One of more forms that can be detected via laboratory retrieval methods - Expected to be seen in a sample
• EPIDEMIOLOGY - Study of patterns (season), distribution (scope), and occurrence (environment) of disease
• INCIDENCE - Number of new cases of infection appearing in a population in a given period of time
• PREVALENCE - Number of individuals in a population estimated to be infected with a particular parasite species
• INTENSITY OF INFECTION - Burden of infection which is related to the number of worms per infected person
• PARASITISM - Symbiotic relationship where one organism, the parasite, lives in or on another depending on the latter of its survival and usually at the expense of the host
• RESERVOIR - Main source of infectious organisms: feces, bodies of water)
• VECTOR - Mechanical vectors (flies, cockroaches) - Biological vectors (arthropods, fish, snails, crustaceans, plants)