Protein Synthesis

• Amino acids are the monomers of proteins.
• Base Triplet refers to three nitrogenous bases one after the other on DNA.
• Transcription is the first stage of protein synthesis where mRNA is formed from DNA carrying code for the protein to be made.
• Translation is the second stage of protein synthesis where amino acids combine to form a protein.
• Codon refers to three nitrogenous bases one after the other on mRNA, these are complementary to the triplet on DNA.
• Anti-codon refers to three nitrogenous bases one after the other on tRNA, these are complementary to the codon on mRNA.
• The process in which proteins are made is called protein synthesis.
• Proteins are made by linking various amino acids that are present in the cytoplasm of cells.
• There are 20 different amino acids, and they combine in a large variety of combinations.
• The amino acids are linked by a peptide bond to form the required protein.
• The sequence of amino acids changes, resulting in the formation of a different protein if the same amino acid is coded for.
• According to the codons on the mRNA, the tRNA will bring the required amino acid to the ribosome.
• Different tRNA molecules carrying different amino acids will be required if a mutation changes the sequence of amino acids.
• Three consecutive nitrogenous bases on the DNA strand are called the base triplet.
• Three adjacent nitrogenous bases on the mRNA are known as codons, these code for a particular amino acid.
• One strand of the DNA acts as a template during transcription.
• The genes found in DNA contain the code which determines which type of protein that will be formed.
• The number of amino acids and the sequence of the amino acids determine the type of protein that is formed.