CH2 my test

• The nervous system has three basic functions : sensory, integrative, and motor
• The nervous system is divided into the cenral nervous system and the peripheral nervous system
• The brain is the part of the nervous system that processes and interprets the sign transmitted to it. The spinal cord serves as the connection From the brain to the rest of the body
• The PNS is divided into the somatic and autonomic nervous systems
• The SNS includes the motor nerves that connect to the skeletal muscles that move voluntarily. The spinal nerves which connect the central nervous system to other parts such as the sensory receptor, the muscles, and the body glands; and the cranial nerves, which are responsible for many functions such as smell, sight, chewing, taste, hearing.
• the autonomic nervous system regulates the smooth and cardiac muscles as well as other glands. It works involuntarily.
• the ANS Contains the sympathetic nervous system which is activated during physical or emotional stress or fear, embarrassment or anger. The ANS also contains the parasympathetic nervous system which functons whenever the body is at rest and recovery
• The brain is an important part of the nervous system. Your brain controls most of the reactions given by your body.
• the ______ controls some voluntaru motor functions, different moods, and sense of smell

  Frontal Lobe
• Wherein one hemisphere of the brain is dominant in certan functions

  lateralization
• The two halves of the brain work interdependently, transferring information through the corpus callosum, a set of nerve fibers that connect the two halves together
• controls most of the senses as touch and taste; also responsible for controlling pain, body temperature and balance

  Parietal Lobe
• controls the sense of light

  Occipital Lobe
• Controls the sense of Smell and hearing; has a role in memory

  Temporal Lobe
• The largest part of the brain; controls your ability to read,write, and speak; also related to your mathematical and musical skills; also deals with your memory

  Cerebrum
• Helps in smooth coordination of skeletal muscle contractions; also regulates body posture and balance

  Cerebellum
• Connects the brain and the spinal cord and has three regions

  Brain stem
• Associated with heartbeat, breathing, sensations, and reflex control when a person is swallowing, vomiting, coughing, hiccuping, and sneezing

  medulla oblongata
• Connects the parts of the brain ; also helps control breathing

  Pons
• The nerve cell or the neuron, has the ability change a stimulus into an impulse or an electric signal that travels in it.
• A stimulus is a change in the environment that causes one to initiate an impulse
• The neuron has three parts

  cell body, dendrites, axon
• Contains the nucleus and other cell organelles

  Cell body
• are the receiving parts of the neuron

  Dendrites
• Transmits impulses to another neuron

  Axon
• sensory neurons are also known as afferent neurons; receive stimuli and transmit them toward the CNS
• Motor neurons are known as the efferent neurons; carry the impulse away from the CNS to the effectors such as the muscles and the glands
• relay neurons or interneurons are also called association neurons; responsible for processing the sensory information carried by the sensory neurons and giving a response through the motor neurons
• Majority of the neuroglia, also called glia or glial cells, are found in the CNS
• Glioma is a highly malignant brain tumor that grows rapidly
• Types of neuroglia

  PNS:

  satellite cells

  schwann cells

  CNS:

  oligodendrocytes

  astrocytes

  microglia

  ependymal cells
• Decrease in brain size that leads to Loss of neurons in the brain

  Alzheimers disease
• Huge neuronal discharge in the brain

  Epilepsy
• Viral infection in the CNS

  Poliomyelitis
• Nerve degeneration

  Myotonic dystrophy
• Blockage of blood flow or bleeding in the brain arteries

  Cardiovascular accident or Stroke
• The pituitary gland is a gland located in the brain. It is often called the master gland because it controls the functions of other endocrine glands
• human growth hormone promotes the release of insulin-like growth factors, which are responsible for the production of proteins in the body; maintains muscle and bone mass for growth; also helps in healing injuries and repair of tissues
• helps in producing and secreting the thyroid hormones by the thyroid gland

  Thyroid-stimulating Hormone
• Targets the ovaries by initiating the development of the follicles in the ovary, which happens monthly

  Follicle-stimulating hormone