Intro to O Chem

• What is an empirical formula?

  simplest ratio of atoms of each element in a compound
• What is the molecular formula?

  formula that shows the actual number of atoms of each element
• What is the displayed formula?

  formula that shows every atom and bond
• What is the structural formula?

  formula that shows arrangement of atoms in a molecule in a simplified form
• How are branches in the chain shown in a structural formula?

  brackets
• What is the suffix for an alkane?

  ane
• What is the suffix for alcohol?

  ol
• What is the suffix for an alkene?

  ene
• What is the suffix for an aldehyde?

  al
• What is the suffix for a ketone?

  -one
• What is the suffix for a carboxylic acid?

  -oic acid
• What is the suffix for a nitrile?

  nitrile
• What is the suffix for amine?

  amine
• What is the functional group of an aldehyde?

  Carbon double bonded to oxygen at end of chain
• What is the functional group of a ketone?

  carbon double bonded to oxygen in middle of chain
• What is the functional group of a nitrile?

  Carbon triple bonded to nitrogen
• What are the 2 types of isomerism in chemistry?

  Structural and stereoisomerism
• What is the definition of structural isomerism?

  Same molecular formula but different structural formula
• What are the 3 division of structural isomerism?

  Position isomerism

  Functional group isomerism

  Chain isomerism
• What is position isomerism?

  Same functional group attached to the main chain at different points
• What is functional group isomerism?

  DIfferent functional groups
• What is chain isomerism?

  Different arrangement of the hydrocarbon chain
• What is stereoisomerism?

  2 or more compounds have the same structural formula with different arrangement of bonds in space
• What are the 2 types of stereoisomerism?

  E-Z isomerism

  Optical isomerism
• What are substituents?

  atom or group of atoms which could be replaced by an hydrogen atom
• What causes E-Z isomerism to occur?

  Restricted rotation about the planar carbon carbon double bond
• What do we call the molecule when 2 substituents are on the same side as the double bond?

  Z isomer
• What do we call the molecule when 2 substituents are on opposite sides of the double bond?

  E-isomer
• What is a functional group?

  group of atoms in a molecule that determine reactivity of molecule