ao3 genetic

• S, Brunner - studied 28 male members of a Dutch family with a history of violence among males. They found that the violent males had a 'marker' (glitch) close to their MAOA gene on the X chromosome, and non-violent males did not have this. Urine tests also showed that violent males had low levels of MAOA byproduct and neurotransmitter imbalances. Since defects close to MAOA gene lead to issues with MAOA and increased aggression ,it is plausible that inheriting a faulty version of MAOA gene like the warrior gene could also lead to aggression, increasing validity of genetic explanation.
•  S- helps understand the uneven rates of violence among m and f in the real world. Niehoff- m and f have different vulnerability to a faulty MAOA gene. Gene is on the X chromosome, males who inherit it do not have a second X chromosome which prevents the expression of the abnormal version of the MAOA gene (as they have XY). But females who may inherit the gene, the second X gene chromosome prevents the expression of the abnormal version of the MAOA. men are more susceptible to the impact of warrior gene and aggression in real life. helps us better understand differences in human beh.
• W- relies on twin studies. assumes MZ cr is higher only because MZ genetic similarity is higher than that of DZ twins.

  MZ twins are identical and look the same, they may get treated the same by those around them; whereas as DZ twins may look different (and even be different genders), they end up being treated differently by those around them. E.g. male DZ may be encouraged to be aggressive whereas female DZ advised not to.

  higher MZ cr may be due to the similar treatment rather than the genetic similarity. questions about the v of twin studies and the genetic explanation of aggression.
•   reductionist, oversimplifies the cause of aggression down to simplistic bio factors like the faulty versions of MAOA gene. disregards the impact of environmental factors like aggressive role models.

  Bandura demonstrated in his Bobo doll study that the children who watched aggressive role models were more likely to show aggression themselves than those who saw non-aggressive role models.

  experiences and role models also lead to aggressive behaviour, does not take into account the involvement of such factors ,not holistic, can be seen as incomplete, reducing its validity.