ASEPSIS AND INFECTION CONTROL

• He is a Hungarian doctor who was known as the pioneer of handwashing

  Dr. Ignaz Semmelweis
• What is infection?

  It is a disease or condition in which germs get into the body and gradually grows in number
• The harmful germs that cause infection are?

  bacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasites
• People explain how an infection is passed around from person to person by using a picture of a chain called

  Chain of Infection
• As long as the links of the chai are joined together....?


  An infection will continue to pass from person to person
• It is considered the first link of the chain. This harmful germ can be a bacteria, virus, fungus, or a parasite

  Infectious Agent or The Bug
• Is considered the home of germs. It is the place where microorganisms stay and multiply until they pass on to the next susceptible host

  Reservoirs or Hiding places
• It is when a person shows signs of sickness. They belong to the group of?

  Infected
• It is when a person doesn't show any signs of sickness, they are called?

  Not infected
• They are people who carry the germs but they don't show any signs of sickness. They are called?

  Carriers
• It is the way where germs escape from the reservoir and move to another host

  Portal of exit or way out
• Mode of transmission: Contact


  Direct or Indirect
• Mode of transmission: Droplets


  Large particles
• Mode of transmission: Fleas, ticks etc.


  Vectors
• Mode of transmission: Blood, water, food etc.


  Vehicles
• It is when harmful germs travel or get around from place to place, many harmful germs travel in any way...

  Mode of transmission or getting around
• It is the number one way a harmful germ travels from place to place?

  Hands
• The same way routes as the microorganisms exit?

  Portal of entry or way in
• A _____ is a person whose body for some reason cannot fight off an infection.

  Susceptible Host or next sick person
• State reasons why a person cannot fight off an infection.?

  Age, stress, fatigue poor nutrition, chronic illnesses and not having any proper vaccinations and breakdown of the skin.
• It is the interval between the entrance of the pathogen into the body and the appearance of the first symptoms

  Incubation Period
• It is the interval from the onset of nonspecific signs and symptoms to more specific symptoms

  Prodromal stage
• It is the interval when the patient manifests signs and symptoms specific to type of infection

  Illness Stage
• Interval in which acute symptoms of infection disappear

  Recovery period 


  Convalescence
• What are the major sites for Health- Associated Infections?

  -Surgical or traumatic wounds, urinary, respiratory tracts, and the bloodstream
• It is a result from delivery of health services in a healthcare setting where clients are at increased risk

  Nosocomial Infection or Hospital Acquired Infection
• What patients are still considered “nosocomial infection”?

  -48 to 72 hours after admission or 10 days after discharged from the hospital
• This is a factor where throughout a person‘s life susceptibility to infection changes

  AGE
• This factor is when a person’s nutrition intake directly influences susceptibility to infection


  NUTRITIONAL STATUS
• This is where the body responds to emotional or physical stress by the general adaptation syndrome 


  STRESS
• This is a factor where patients with diseases of the immune systems are at particular risk for infection


  DISEASE PROCESS
• This is one of the sources of HAI’s. This refers to hands, instruments, catheters, respiratory instruments, IV system, linen, and air 


  Exogenous
• This is sources of agents in HCAI’s. Oropharynx, respiratory, gastrointestinal and skin


  Endogenous
• Contaminated surface increase ____________?

  Cross contamination
• -It is the normal flora of the skin is difficult to remove with a single handwashing

  -Rarely cause infections, infection only arises when there is a break in the skin

  -Normal flora on the skin

  Resident flora
• • Skin contaminants
  • They colonize the superficial layers of the skin and mostly associated with hospital- acquired infections
  • Acquired through objects and the environment and is easily removed through hand washing 


  Transient Flora
• • This is considered the practice to kill some microorganism to revert them from spreading
  • This is considered the absence of pathogenic or producing microorganisms 


  Medical Asepsis
• What are the two types of Aseptic technique?

  Medical and surgical asepsis
• Why should we not allow to store wet equipment clean and dry all equipment after use?

  Because this encourages growth of microorganisms if it is not dried first
• Why should cleaning solutions be prepared fresh?

  If its not fresh, it might affect the potency or the effectiveness of the solution