GROUP 3&4-5&6

• What is the definition of planning in management?

  Anticipating future trends and strategies
• Why is planning considered a crucial management function?

  It helps achieve organizational objectives effectively
• According to Nickels and Others, what does planning involve?

  Anticipating future trends and establishing strategies
• What is Aldag and Stearns' definition of planning?

  Selection and ordering of tasks to achieve goals
• How do Cole and Hamilton define planning?

  Deciding what, who, where, when, and how
• What is the first priority in planning?

  The desired result or goal
• What does planning involve regarding actions to achieve objectives?

  Careful thought about who, what, where, when, and how
• What is the output of planning?

  A methodical way of achieving desired results
• What does a plan serve as in the implementation of activities?

  A useful guide for achieving objectives
• What are the steps in the planning process?

  1. Setting organizational, divisional, or unit goals
  2. Developing strategies or tactics to reach those goals
  3. Determining resources needed
  4. Setting standards
• What is the first task of an engineering manager in planning?

  Provide a sense of direction to the team
• What should goals be according to the planning process?

  Precise statements quantified in time and magnitude
• What are strategies in the context of planning?

  Ways to realize the goals of the organization
• Who typically concerns themselves with strategies?

  Top management
• What is the purpose of tactics in planning?

  Support broader strategies with short-term actions
• What is a general statement of required resources?

  An outline of resources needed for strategic requirements
• How do units or departments assess their resource needs?

  By reporting necessary resources for operations
• What is a standard in the context of planning?

  A measuring device for monitoring performance
• What is the purpose of setting standards in planning?

  To evaluate progress and maintain quality control
• What are the three levels of management in planning?

  Top, middle, and lower management levels
• What is the role of top management in planning?

  Setting the company’s vision, mission, and policies
• What is strategic planning?

  Determining major goals and resource strategies
• What is the time frame for top management planning?

  1 year to 10 years
• What is the role of middle management in planning?

  Bridging top and lower management for policy implementation
• What is intermediate planning?

  Determining contributions of subunits with allocated resources
• What is the time frame for middle management planning?

  6 months to 2 years
• What is the role of lower management in planning?

  Overseeing frontline employees and daily operations
• What is operational planning?

  Determining how specific tasks can be accomplished
• What is the time frame for lower management planning?

  1 week to 1 year
• What are the types of plans in management?

  1. Strategic Plans
  2. Tactical Plans
  3. Operational Plans
  4. Contingency Plans
  5. Financial Plans
  6. Human Resource Plans
  7. Quality Assurance & Safety Plans
  8. Technology & Innovation Plans
• What are strategic plans focused on?

  Long-term direction and resource allocation
• What are tactical plans focused on?

  Breaking down strategic plans into actionable steps
• What are operational plans focused on?

  Guiding day-to-day technical activities
• What are contingency plans designed for?

  Addressing potential risks and unexpected challenges
• What are financial plans focused on?

  Budgeting and financial resource allocation
• What are human resource plans focused on?

  Hiring, training, and assigning personnel
• What are quality assurance and safety plans designed for?

  Ensuring adherence to standards and regulations
• What are technology and innovation plans focused on?

  Adopting new technologies and improving efficiency
• What are the barriers to effective planning?

  1. Manager’s inability to plan
  2. Improper planning process
  3. Lack of commitment to planning
  4. Improper information
  5. Focusing on the present over the future
  6. Too much reliance on the planning department
  7. Concentrating on controllable variables only
• What is a barrier related to a manager's ability to plan?

  Poor understanding of project management tools