bill of rights

• Bill of Attainder is a legislative act which inflicts punishment without judicial trial.
• A Bill of Rights is a declaration and enumeration of a person's rights and privileges which the Constitution is designed to protect against violation by the government, or by individual or groups of individuals.
• A Bill of Rights is a charter of liberties for the individual and a limitation upon the power of the State.
• Natural Rights are those possessed by every citizen without being granted by the State for they are given to man by God as a human being created to His image that he may live a happy life.
• Constitutional Rights are conferred and protected by the Constitution.
• Statutory Rights are provided by law, promulgated by the law-making body and consequently may be abolished by the same body.
• Political Rights are the power to participate directly or indirectly in the establishment or administration of the government.
• Civil Rights are a law which secures private individuals for the purpose of securing enjoyment of their means of happiness.
• Social and Economic Rights are intended to insure the well-being and economic security of an individual.
• Rights of the Accused are intended for the protection of a person accused of any crime.
• State Authority and Individual Freedom are represented by the Constitution as an instrument to promote both individual and social welfare.
• Conflict between individual rights and group welfare is a common occurrence in society.
• Balancing of individual and group rights and interests is a crucial aspect of the role of the Judiciary.
• Due process of law is a fundamental principle in the legal system that any deprivation of life, liberty, or property by the State is with due process if it is done under the authority of the law that is valid or the Constitution itself and after compliance with fair and reasonable methods of procedure required by law.
• Procedural due process in judicial proceedings includes an impartial court clothed by law with authority to hear and determine the matter before it, jurisdiction lawfully acquired over the person of the defendant or property which is the subject matter of the proceeding, opportunity to be heard given the defendant, and judgment to be rendered after lawful hearing.
• A religious test is one demanding the avowal or repudiation of a certain religious beliefs before the performance of any act.
• The liberty of abode and of changing the same within the limit prescribed by law shall not be impaired except upon lawful order of the court.
• The right to disseminate religious beliefs is related to the right to believe and is justified by the clear and present danger rule.
• The right of petition means the right of any person or group of persons, to apply without fear of penalty to the appropriate branch or office of government for redress of grievances.
• Freedom of religious profession and worship is complementary to the right of free speech and is subject to the clear and present danger rule.
• A license fee or tax on the sale of religious articles is a permission or condition for the exercise of the right to religious beliefs and can impose a financial burden after the exercise of the right.
• Aspects of religious freedom include the separation of Church and State and the freedom of religious profession and worship.
• The right of assembly means the right on the part of the citizens to meet peaceably for consultation in respect to public affairs.
• Religion is defined as all forms of belief in the existence of superior beings exercising power over human beings and imposing rules of conduct with future state of rewards or punishments.
• The expression of civil political rights is to be understood as including the individual right safeguarded by the Constitution and statutory laws.
• The provision against religious tests is necessary to prevent the State from preferring one religion over another.
• Freedom of expression is subject to regulation by the state and can lead to liability when abused.
• Religious freedom is the right of a man to worship God, and to entertain such religious views as appeal to his individual conscience, without dictation or interference by any person or power, civil or ecclesiastical.
• The right of the people to information on matters of public concern shall be recognized.
• Freedom of religious profession and worship includes the freedom to believe in a religion and the freedom to act in accordance with such belief.
• The clear and present danger rule is a justification for the abridgment of freedom of speech and of the press.
• Substantive due process in administrative proceedings is a tax which is imposed for a private purpose constitutes a taking of property without due process as it is beyond the authority of legislature to levy.
• The prohibition against deprivation of life, liberty, and property without due process extends to all the limbs and faculties by which life is enjoyed.
• The right of man to use its faculties with which he has been endowed by his Creator subject only to the limitations that he does not violate the law or the rights of others is the meaning of liberty.
• Deprivation of property is when its value is destroyed or its adaptability to some particular use or its capability for enjoyment is impaired.
• Private property shall not be taken for public use without just compensation.
• Conditions for or limitations upon the exercise of eminent domain include: existence of public use, payment of just compensation, and observance of due process of law in the taking.
• Police power is based on two Latin maxims, salus populi suprema est lex (the welfare of the people is the supreme law), and sic utere tuo ut alienum non laedas (so use your own as not to injure another’s property).
• The right to form associations is the freedom to organize or to be a member of any group or association, union, or society, and to adopt the rules which the members judge most appropriate to achieve their purpose.
• The right of the citizen to access official records and documents is guaranteed by the Constitution and is subject to limitations as may be provided by law.