NI mod 3

• Nursing has grown complex in acute-care.
• Major functional departments in the hospital are the following: administration, clinical, and nursing.
• Information technology in nursing is used to process, store, and integrate information from various sources to easily retrieve data.
• Information technology in nursing can present deviation by an alarm or alert.
• Information technology in nursing can accept and store patient care documentation in a lifetime's clinical repository (2-5 years).
• Information technology in nursing can trend data in a graphical presentation.
• Information technology in nursing can provide clinical decision support.
• Information technology in nursing can provide access to vital patient info from any location.
• Information technology in nursing can comparatively evaluate patients for outcomes analysis.
• Information technology in nursing can present clinical data based on concept-oriented views.
• Physiological monitoring systems are developed to oversee the vital signs of astronauts which found their way into the hospital setting with five basic parts: sensors, signal conditioners, file to rank and order information (life-threatening to non), computer processor, and evaluation or controlling component.
• Physiologic signals are typically of very small amplitude and must be amplified, conditioned, and digitized by the device in preparation for processing by microprocessors.
• Microprocessors analyze information, store pertinent information in specific places, and control the direction in reporting.
• Hemodynamic monitors measure hemodynamic parameters, closely examine cardiovascular function, evaluate cardiac pump output and volume status, recognize patterns and extract features, assess vascular system integrity and evaluate response to stimuli, assess respiratory gases continuously (capnography - co2), evaluate glucose levels continuously, store waveforms, and automatically transmit selected data to patient database.
• Telemetry allows for continuous monitoring of patients usually outside of the ICU.
• Telemetry is susceptible to signal loss.
• Thermodilution technique requires the computer to have the appropriate computation and constant bolus to be injected at the appropriate time in the respiratory cycle.
• The process of thermodilution involves positioning four sensors on the sides of the neck and thorax, which permits measurement of stroke volume.
• Bioimpedance, integrated with analysis of the finger blood pressure waveform, has also been demonstrated as a method of cardiac output measurement.
• Pulse oximetry is a noninvasive method of measuring oxygen saturation that also uses spectrophotometry.
• The largest contributor to alarms in ICU is the blood pressure cuff, tourniquet, air splint, or limits the sensors ability to distinguish between arterial or venous blood pressure.
• Troubleshooting these kinds of things can lead to less hours of doing necessary bedside care.
• Arrhythmia monitors have the ability to detect ventricular fibrillation and respond with an alarm.
• Diagnostic systems have the criteria for a normal ECG programmed into the computer.
• Interpretive systems search the ECG complex for five parameters: Location of QRS complex, Time from the beginning to the end of the QRS, Comparison of amplitude, duration, and rate of QRS complex with all limb leads, P and T waves, and Comparison of P and T waves with all limb leads.
• The basic components of arrhythmia monitors include sensors, signal conditioner, cardiograph pattern recognition, rhythm analysis, and a written diagnosis report.
• Critical care information systems (CCIS) are designed to collect, store, organize, retrieve, and manipulate all data related to the care of the critically ill patient.
• CCIS is the organization of a patient's current and historical data.
• CCIS includes patient management, length of stay, mortality, and re-admit rates.
• Vital sign monitoring can be automatically acquired from bedside instruments and incorporated into the clinical data base.
• Clinical documentation is used to support the process of physical assessment findings.
• Automatic calculation of physiologic indices can be performed in CCIS.
• Decision support in CCIS can provide alerts and reminders to guide care according to evidence-based guidelines.
• Medication management in CCIS involves the process of medication administration and flowsheets incorporate the use of bar code technology.
• Interdisciplinary plans of care are special flowsheets that incorporate required treatments and interventions.
• Critical care flowsheet is a predominant display format for CCIS that aims to have as much information integrated into the system as possible to obtain a comprehensive picture of the patient.
• Community health applications of health information systems focus on the health information system of the community that is centralized to the majority part of the public.
• The goal of community health informatics is effective and timely assessment that involves monitoring and tracking the health status and identifying and controlling disease outbreaks.
• Computer-based survey systems can help in monitoring for obvious reasons.
• Health statistical surveys are used to collect quantitative information about items in a population.