Module 2 (Globalization)

• Cultural Globalization-This refers is the transmission of ideas, meanings, and values around the world in such a way as to extend and intensify social relations.
• Economic Globalization is the economic mixing and interdependence of economies across the world through as escalation of cross-cultural of movement of goods, services, technologies, and wealth.
• Specialization may be referred to as the phenomenon of producing only that product in which the country has competitive advantage in terms of cost.
• Absolute Advantage refers to the ability of a country to produce a good or service at a lower cost than another country.
• Specialization may be referred to as the phenomenon of producing only that product in which the country has competitive advantage in terms of cost.
• Financial Globalization It may be defined as the emergence of worldwide financial markets and better access to external financing for corporate, national and sub-national borrowers.
• Informational Globalization This aspect of Globalization has perhaps had the greatest impact on the world today.
• Ecological Globalization The effects of globalization in the ecology are still not completely identified, though some studies suggest that the process of globalization has many consequences in our ecology.
• Globalization and the politics Through globalization, political issues such as the rights of women and children are now currently discussed, many laws are now already implemented regarding the issues on the rights of women and children.
• Globalization with technology Technology really plays a huge part in the life of every individual. Also, through the advancement of technology we can now already communicate with others despite the distance that separate us.
• Geographical Globalization Globalization is moving towards the trend of a borderless world. We can now explore different countries without having any dangers.
• Solidity Refers to the barriers that prevent or make difficult the movement of things, it can be either natural or manmade.
• Liquid As state of matter, takes the shape of its container which means liquids are not fixed, therefore refers to increasing ease of the movement of people, things, information and places in the contemporary world.
• Flows are the movement of people, things, places and information brought by the growing “porosity’ of global limitations. (Ritzer, 2015)
• Cultural flows refer to the different "objects, skills, beliefs and practices" from different parts of the world that travel around. This can be music, food, religious beliefs, languages, clothing, foreign films, etc.
• Information flows refer to the flow of information across the world. People from around the world are able to exchange knowledge and information from anywhere.
• Globalization is a Process Globalization – A set of social processes that appear to transform our present social condition of weakening nationality into one globality; human lives played out in the world as a single place; redefining landscape of sociopolitical processes and social sciences that study these mechanisms. I
• Globality – A social condition characterized by tight economic, political, cultural and environmental interconnections and global flows, making currently existing political borders and economic boundaries irrelevant.
• Global Imaginary - A concept referring to people’s growing consciousness of belonging to a global community -destabilizes and unsettles the conventional parameters within which people imagine their communal existence
• Globalization as an ideology has six core claims. First, that it is about the liberalization and global integration of markets. Second, it is inevitable and irreversible. Third, nobody is in charge of globalization. Fourth, globalization benefits everyone. Fifth, it furthers the spread of democracy in the world. Finally, Globalization requires a global war on terror.
• WORLD SYSTEMS Views globalization not as a recent phenomenon but as virtually synonymous with the birth and spread of World Capitalism.
• Core - Powerful and developed centers of the system - Western Europe, North America and Japan
• Periphery - Regions that have been forcibly subordinated to the core through colonialism or other means - Latin America, Africa, Asia, Middle East and Eastern Europe
• Semi-Periphery - States and regions that were previously in the core and are moving down in the hierarchy or those that were previously in the periphery and are moving up
• GLOBAL CAPITALISM Treat globalization as a novel stage in the evolving system of the world of capitalism
• Global Capitalism Emphasize the rise of the processes that cannot be framed within the nation-state/inner-state system – which lies at the core of the world- system theory and most traditional macro- social theories
• THE NETWORK SOCIETY Does not subscribe to the contention that capitalism fuels globalization
• NEW ECONOMY is: informational, knowledge-based; global, in that production is organized on a global scale; networked, in that productivity is generated through global networks of interaction
• According to Castell, networked enterprise makes material the culture of the informational, global economy: it transforms signals into commodities by processing knowledge
• Transnational processes and practices are defined broadly as the multiple ties and interactions- economic, political, social and cultural that link people, communities and institutions across the borders of nation-states.
• Transnationality is also a principle of carrying out an action across national borders, so as to have effects at a more general level.
• Transnationalism is an umbrella concept encompassing a wide variety of transformative processes, practices and developments that take place simultaneously at a local and global level.
• Global Culture Emphasize the rapid growth of the mass media and resultant global cultural flows and images in recent decades evoking the image famously put forth by Marshal McLuhan of the “the global village”
• Ritzer – McDonaldization – is a sociocultural process by which the principles of the fast-food restaurant came to dominate more and more sectors of US and later world society