Quiz 2 (Books 18, 22, 24)

• Hellespont

  A strait ( strip of water) in current-day Turkey
• Iris

  Goddess of the rainbow and usual messenger of the gods in the Iliad
• Tumult

  Uproar caused by a large amount of people
• Clarion

  Loud and Clear
• Aeacides

  King of Epirus
• Poulydamas

  A prophet, knew the past and foresaw the future

  Had a plan for the Trojans after Achilles came back into battle, but Hector declined it
• Ramparts

  A defensive wall of a castle or walled city
• Tripod

  Used as offerings to the gods in religious rituals and ceremonies
• Charis

  Wife of Hephaestus
• Hephaestus

  Greek god of fire, metalwork and helped Thetis to create Achilles armor, which included a shield, breastplate, and helmet
• Scamander

  One of the two rivers in the plain of Troy
• Oxhide

  Leather made from the hide of an ox
• Elude

  To escape or avoid one's capture
• Aegis

  An attribute of Zeus and Athena, usually represented as a goatskin shield
• Deiphobos

  Hector's brother
• The Iliad Book 18 main points

  • Antilochos (Nestor's Son) went to tell Achilles of Patroclus's death
  • Thetis, his mother, went to comfort him and said that she will ask Lord Hephaestus to make him armor for battle
  • Iris, a messenger sent by Athena, told Achilles to go fight in the war, but he said he will wait for his mother
  • Athena puts a crown of fire on Achilles's head, and he descends down to see Patroclus's body
  • Achilles and Agamemnon reconcile
  • Poulydamas, Hector's comrade, advises him to go with his army and wait for Achilles, but Hector wants to go and fight him one on one
• The Iliad Book 18 continued

  • Athena sees that Hector is making a huge mistake by fighting Achilles on his own
  • Charis tells Thetis how grateful she is for her, saying that she saved her life when she was younger
  • Hephaestus makes Achilles a shield, breastplate, and helmet to fight in the battle
• The Shield's Detailed Design ( for Achilles made by Hephaestus)

  Many aspects of life are shown, such as a soft fallow field and royal estate where laborers are working, it also shows the two sides of the war; one side where they win, and the other has lost
• The Iliad Book 22

  • Hector and Achilles face off in a battle, where Hector dies by Achilles
  • Zeus watches from above, debates on either helping Hector or Achilles, but does not want to anger the gods
  • Athena disguises as Hector's brother to motivate him to battle
  • Achilles is triumphant and drags Hector around the tomb of Patroclus
• The Iliad Book 24

  • Iris (messenger of Zeus) asks Thetis to tell Achilles to give Hector's body back to King Priam for a ransom
  • King Priam is only allowed to bring Idalos and Hermes guides them to Achilles's place
  • Achilles and Priam then exchange their offerings, and Achilles approves Priam's request to halt battle ( 11 days )for them to grieve Hector and bury him
  • Book 24 shows that Achilles's anger is finally resolved, compared to the first book where his wrath is very present
• Hermes

  Son of Zeus, sent to guide Priam to Achilles's tent, since it is a risky trip
• Andromache

  Hector's wife
• Lamentation

  The passionate expression of deep grief, sorrow
• The Iliad's Most important lessons

  Leaders should treat their soldiers with respect, love, and care for one's family, and the importance of forgiveness
• Fate and Free Will

  The Iliad touches on the theme of Fate and free will when the gods, who control most of the events happening throughout the book, such as when Hector or Patroclus died, and when that played a role of fate
• Who tells Achillies that Patroclus is dead?

  Antilochus