GE01- PURPOSIVE

• THE ELEMENTS OF COMMUNICATION.

  1. SOURCE.

  2. MESSAGE

  3. ENCODING

  4. CHANNEL

  5. DECODING

  6. RECEIVER

  7. FEEDBACK

  8. CONTEXT
• SOURCE - The sender of the message.
• MESSAGE - This is the information that you wanted to convey; without it, you have no reason for communicating.
• ENCODING - This is the process of converting your idea or thoughts of the information into verbal or nonverbal symbols that can be understood by the receiver.
• CHANNEL- This is the manner in which the message or information is conveyed.
• DECODING - This is the receiver’s mental processing of your message into the meaning suggested by the sender.
• RECEIVER - This is the person who will get your message.
• FEEDBACK - This is the receiver’s response to the message.
• CONTEXT - This refers to the situation in which the communication takes place. It includes the environment, relationship between communicators, respective
• 3 types of noise

  1. physical noise
  2. psychological noise
  3. Semantic noise
• Physical Noise – this type of noise comes from outside sources that interfere with the transmission of messages. Examples are loud noises, traffic sounds, etc.
• Psychological Noise – this type of noise comes from within us. These are our own thoughts, feelings, attitudes, prejudices, fears, hopes, expectations, etc., that can affect how we perceive what others say.
• Semantic Noise – this type of noise occurs when there is confusion about the meanings of words used in a conversation.
• Forms of communication

  1. intrapersonal communication
  2. interpersonal communication
  3. public communication
• Intrapersonal Communication – it involves one person talking to himself or herself. In other words, communication is self-talk.
• Interpersonal Communication – it involves two people who communicate directly with each other. Interpersonal communication may be face-to-face or through various media such as telephone, email, texting, social networking sites, etc.
• Public Communication – it involves more than two persons. Public communication may take place in different settings like classrooms, board rooms, auditoriums, stadiums, churches, etc.
• 2 types of interpersonal communication

  1. dyadic communication
  2. small group communication
• Dyadic Communication - refers to interaction between only two individuals
• Small Group Communication - refers to interaction among three or more individuals
• 2 types of public communication

  1. speaker - audience communication
  2. mass - communication
• Speaker - Audience Communication - is the type of public communication that takes place when one person addresses an audience consisting of several listeners. The speaker can be a lecturer, teacher, preacher, politician, entertainer, etc., while the audience consists of students, pupils, congregation, voters, spectators, etc.
• Mass Communication - is the type of public communication that reaches large audiences simultaneously via mass media channels such as television, radio, newspapers, magazines, billboards, posters, brochures, websites, blogs, etc.
• MODELS OF COMMUNICATION 1. Aristotle's model of communication

  2. Berlo's model of communication

  3. Shannon-Weaver's model of communication

  4. Schramm model of communication

  5. Helical model of communication
• Locutionary act - this is simply the speaking part of the speech act.
• illocutionary act - this is the acting part of the speech, action done by saying something.
• 2 types of illocutionary acts:

  1. constative
  2. performative
• constative - making something true(or false) by saying it.
• Performative - doing something by saying it
• A TAXONOMY OF ILLOCUTIONARY ACTS, CATEGORIZES INTO 5.

  1. assertives
  2. directives
  3. commissives
  4. expressives
  5. declaratives
• assertives - commit the speaker to the truthfulness of a condition or situation.
• Directives - requesting someone to do something.
• commissives - commit the speaker to a future action.
• expressives - show a speaker's attitude toward a situation.
• declaratives - the purpose is to change the situation.
• PERLOCUTIONARY ACTS - response to an illocutionary act. whereas an illocutionary act refers to only one act, while PERLOCUTIONARY can be multiple because there are many ways of responding to an illocutionary act.
• ILLOCUTIONARY AND PERLOCUTIONARY FORCE - related to the concepts of illocutionary and perlocutionary act are illocutionary and perlocutionary force. illocutionary force refers to the intent of a speaker when she or he says something to a listener while the perlocutionary force refers to the effect of the speaker's utterances on the listener.
• Speech acts - done by saying them. It is a term coined by John Austin in his book "How to Do Things with Words".
• Type of Communication that base on speech context:

  1. interpersonal
  2. intrapersonal
  3. public
  4. intercultural
• Varieties of the English Language

  1. British English
  2. American English
  3. Australian English
  4. Canadian English
  5. Indian English
  6. Philippine English
  7. Ugandan English