Science Volcano 2.0

• eruptive style, explosivity, volume of debris, eruption column - classification of eruption
• effusive and explosive - volcanic eruptions
• effusive eruption -This generally applies to low-viscosity lavas, they produce lava flows exclusively.
• Explosive eruptions - produce pyroclastic debris due to the sudden release of built-up pressure.
• Magmatic, Phreatomagmatic, Phreatic - Types of Volcanic Eruptions
• Magmatic Eruptions - These are driven by thermal expansion of the dissolved gases in lava.
• Plinian, Palean, Vulcanian, Surtseyan, Strombolian, Icelandic, and Hawaiian - Types of Magmatic Eruptions
• Plinian eruptions - result from the extreme build up of gases in the magma chamber and conduit
• Mt. Pinatubo eruption - example of plinian eruption
• Pelean eruptions - These eruptions are characterized by nuée ardente or “glowing avalanches.”
• Mt. Mayon eruption - example of pelean eruption
• Vulcanian eruptions - result from more viscous lava which builds up until it explodes, ejecting large volumes of pyroclastics and an eruption column 5-10 km
• Icelandic eruptions  - are sustained fissure eruptions, producing curtains of basaltic lava. 
• Iceland’s volcanoes - example icelandic eruption
• Strombolian eruptions - are the result of the bursting of clumps of gas bubbles with incandescent lava flows
• Mt. Tungurahua - example of Strombolian eruptions
• Hawaiian eruptions - produce low-viscosity basaltic lava flows and fountains. It evolves from Icelandic eruptions. 
• volcanoes in Hawaii - example of hawaiian eruption
• Surtseyan eruption - occurs in shallow bodies of water and are characterized by strong explosions as a result of magma coming in contact with water.
• Mt. Kavachi in Solomon Islands - example of Surtseyan eruption
• Phreatomagmatic Eruptions - These eruptions are driven by the violent thermal contraction of magma when it interacts with water, resulting in an explosion.
• Surtseyan eruption - best example of Phreatomagmatic Eruptions
• Phreatic Eruptions - These are purely steam-driven, caused by the expansion of water into steam when heated by a nearby magma chamber or volcanic source. 
• Magma - molten rocks inside the volcano
• Lava - molten rocks ejected into the surface of the volcano
• Lava, Volcaniclastic deposits, Volatile materials - Types of Volcanic Materials
• Lava - primary product of eruptions, derived from anatexis of the crust and mantle at specific conditions and include liquid mineral ions, solid crystals and glasses, and dissolved volatiles.
• fine-grained volcanic rock - crystallize lava
• Quenching is the process when lava freezes instantaneously when exposed to air, water, or ground.
• Lava - Viscosity of lava (thickness) depends on silica-content.
• Types of Lava Flows - Basaltic lava flows, Andesitic lava flows, Rhyolitic lava flows
• Basaltic Lava Flows - silica-depleted and very hot, and thus have a very low viscosity when erupted
• Pahoehoe, Aa lava, Columnar jointing, Pillow lava - types of basaltic lava
• Pahoehoe - ropy lava
• • Aa lava - spiny lava
• Columnar jointing - well-formed hexagonal columns perpendicular to the flow
• Pillow lava - blobs of lava
• Andesitic Lava Flows - have an intermediate viscosity, and cannot flow easily therefore forming large angular blocks, do not typically move further than 10 km.
• Rhyolitic Lava Flows - most silica-enriched and have the lowest temperatures
• Volcaniclastic Deposits - large quantities of fragmental igneous debris