L1 - Tests - Urinalysis

• color - indicates the presence of blood melanin, bilirubin, or urobilin in the urine specimen
• clarity/transparency - shows the presence of fat, chyle, or bacteria which affect the turbidity
• specific gravity - suggests renal tubular involvement or ADH deficiency
• blood - hematuria could be due to hemorrhage, infection or trauma
• bilirubin - helps differentiate between obstructive jaundice and hemolytic jaundice
• glucose - glucosuria may be a result of diabetes mellitus, renal impairments
• ketones - uncontrolled diabetes mellitus or starvation
• leukocyte - indicates urinary tract infection if there is a lot of neutrophils
• pH - indicates the acid-base balance
• protein - proteinura is an indicator of renal dysfunction or disorder
• nitrite - positive results could mean bacterial infection
• urobilinogen - increases in amount when the patient suffers from hepatitic issues