Movement and Muscles

• How are joints classified?

  By the amount of movement they have
• What is a joint?

  A place where two or more bones join
• What role do ligaments play at joints?

  They hold bones in place
• What determines the movement possible at a joint?

  The shape of the joint and ligaments
• What type of joint is the shoulder joint?

  A gliding joint
• What is the movement allowed by hinge joints?

  Movement in one direction only
• How does the movement of a hinge joint compare to a door?

  It is like opening and closing a door
• What connects the humerus to the ulna?

  The elbow joint
• What type of movement do ball and socket joints allow?

  Movement in all directions
• What are ball and socket joints sometimes called?

  Universal joints
• Where are transitional joints found?

  In the spine
• What movements do transitional joints allow?

  Bending, twisting, limited side movement
• What does joint replacement involve?

  Replacing a damaged joint with a prosthesis
• What material is usually used for prosthetic joints?

  A metal alloy
• What is a common reason people seek medical help?

  Joint pain
• What factors influence movement at joints?

  The shape of bones and ligaments
• What is flexion at a joint?

  Reduces the angle between the bones
• Which joint type is involved in leg extension exercises?

  Hinge joint – knee
• What is extension at a joint?

  Increases the angle between the bones
• Which joint type is involved in triceps extension?

  Hinge joint – elbow
• What is an ACL injury?

  A tear of the anterior cruciate ligament
• When does an ACL injury often occur?

  When changing direction or landing awkwardly
• What are common signs of an ACL injury?

  Pain, a ‘pop’ sound, swelling
• What are the treatment options for an ACL injury?

  Physiotherapy to surgery
• What increases the likelihood of tearing an ACL in sports?

  Stronger quadriceps than hamstrings
• How can you strengthen your ligaments?

  By lifting weights and resistance training
• What are the main types of muscle fibers?

  Slow twitch and fast twitch
• What is the primary function of slow twitch Type I muscle fibers?

  They produce low force and high endurance
• In which type of activity are slow twitch fibers most beneficial?

  Endurance activities like cross-country racing
• How do fast twitch Type Ila fibers differ from Type Ilx fibers?

  Type Ila has medium endurance, Type Ilx has low endurance
• What is a characteristic of fast twitch Type Ila fibers?

  Produce high force with moderate speed
• Why are fast twitch Type Ilx fibers advantageous for sprinters?

  They produce very high force and contract quickly
• What is the disadvantage of fast twitch Type Ilx fibers?

  They fatigue quickly and have low endurance
• What are the advantages and disadvantages of slow twitch and fast twitch muscle fibers?

  Slow Twitch Type I:

  • Advantages: High endurance, low force production
  • Disadvantages: Low power, slow contraction speed

  
  

  Fast Twitch Type Ila:

  • Advantages: High force, moderate endurance
  • Disadvantages: Not as powerful as Type I, fatigue quicker

  
  

  Fast Twitch Type Ilx:

  • Advantages: Very high force, fast contraction
  • Disadvantages: Low endurance, fatigues quickly
• What is the golden rule regarding muscle fiber types?

  Be clear if referring to Type Ila or Ilx
• What does the term "characteristics" refer to in muscle fibers?

  Qualities or features specific to the type
• Which muscle fiber type is predominantly used in basketball performance?

  Slow twitch type I
• Describe a characteristic of Type Ilx muscle fibers and its advantage for a basketball player.

  They contract quickly, aiding in explosive movements