BASIC FOUNDATION OF NERVOUS SYSTEM

• Is the most complex body system.

  Nervous System
• Is the body’s prime communication and

  coordination network.

  Nervous system
• The central of nervous system.

  brain and spinal cord
• Consists of the brain and the spinal cord.

  Central Nervous System
• The control center of the nervous system.

  brain
• Consists of all the nerves that are not part of the CNS.

  Peripheral Nervous System
• Two components of PNS.

  Somatic and autonomic
• Controls voluntary muscles and conveys information to the central nervous system.

  Somatic
• Controls involuntary muscles.

  Autonomic
• The most complex part of the human body.

  Brain
• Biggest part of the brain.

  Cerebrum
• The hemispheres are connected by a thick band of nerve fibers.

  Corpus callosum
• 4 lobes of hemisphere:

  Frontal lobe

  Parietal lobe

  Temporal lobe

  Occipital lobe
• The brain's ability to change and adapt.

  Neuroplasticity
• It allows the brain to recover from injury and to learn new skills.

  Neuroplasticity
• A sheet of neural tissue that is outermost to the cerebrum of the mammalian brain.

  Cerebral Cortex
• Responsible for processing and interpreting information.

  Gray Matter
• Transmits that information to other parts of the Nervous system.

  White Matter
• Composed of neurons called soma.

  Gray Matter
• Mostly made of axons wrapped with myelin.

  White Matter
• A layer of insulation that surrounds the axons of nerve cells.

  Myelin sheath
• Is a disease that causes the immune system to attack the myelin sheath.

  Multiple scleorosis
• Thick folds

  Gyri
• Shallow grooves

  Sulci
• Deep grooves

  Fissures
• Separates the cerebral hemispheres

  Longitudinal fissure
• The little brain "fist sized"

  Cerebellum
• It is responsible for maintaining balance, posture, and equilibrium.

  Cerebellum
• Also responsible for coordination of voluntary muscle movement, as well as some cognitive functions such as language and attention.

  Cerebellum
• It is the part of the brain that connects the cerebrum with the spinal cord.

  Brain stem
• 3 regions of brain stem:

  Midbrain

  Pons

  Medulla oblangata
• Controls many vital functions, such as breathing, heart rate, blood pressure and digestion.

  Brain stem
• It also regulates sleep, arousal and consciousness.

  Brain stem
• The brain stem is involved in sensory and motor pathways between the brain and the rest of the body.

  Brain stem
• Also called the mesencephalon, is a part of the central nervous system. It is located below your cerebral cortex and at the top of your brainstem.

  Midbrain
• It also plays an important role in motor movement, pain, and the sleep/wake cycle. It also contains Substantia Nigra.

  Midbrain
• It is a part of the brain that produces dopamine, a neurotransmitter that regulates movement, mood, and reward.

  Substantia Nigra
• 2 parts of Substantia Nigra:

  Pars compacta

  Pars reticulata
• It contains dopaminergic neurons that project to the striatum.

  Pars compacta
• It contains GABAergic neurons that modulate motor output.

  Pars reticulata