MOLGENLEC L1: Introduction to Molecular Genetics

• The DNA sequence is now the first and most basic type of information to be obtained about a cloned gene.
• Automated DNA sequencing is used to determine DNA sequences of several kilobases in length in the minimum of time.
• Both allow DNA sequences of several kilobases in length to be determined in the minimum of time.
• Genetics is the study of heredity, how differences between individuals are transmitted from one generation to the next, and how information in the genes is used in the development and functioning of the adult organism.
• Biochemistry studies gene products through the genes that encode them, purifying and studying them in vitro.
• The ability to generate any desired number of identical copies (clones) of a particular sequence is a product of recombinant DNA technology.
• Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) is an alternative method to cloning for generating essentially unlimited amounts of a sequence of interest.
• In situ hybridization is used to visualize the position of a gene on a eukaryotic chromosome.
• A vector is a DNA molecule that can replicate autonomously in a host such as bacterial or yeast cells.
• Hybridization probes labelled in a non-radioactive manner due to the hazards of handling and disposal of radioactive substances.
• Southern transfer, Northern transfer, and Western transfer are kinds of blotting techniques used in nucleic acid analysis.
• Restriction mapping becomes very complicated with molecules more than about 250 kb in size.
• DNA sequencing is the process of working out the structure of a gene.
• The chain termination method by F. Sanger and A.R. Coulson in the UK and the chemical degradation method by A. Maxam and W. Gilbert in the USA are two different techniques for DNA sequencing.
• DNA sequencing methods have been around for 35 years, but only since the late 1970s has rapid and efficient sequencing been possible.
• Southern transfer procedure is appropriate for most plasmids, bacteriophages and viruses, but cannot be used to locate genes on larger DNA molecules.
• Molecular cloning and the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) are two complementary technologies used in genetic engineering that solved both problems of quantity and purification.
• Several techniques are available for nucleic acid analysis, depending on the size of the DNA molecule involved.
• Identification of the correct recombinant DNA molecule can be achieved by the important technique of Hybridization Probing.
• Genetic analysis tells you that the product has a role in the process, but doesn't tell you how direct the role is.
• Classical Genetics focuses on the transmission of genes and chromosomes in individuals from generation to generation.
• Molecular Biology is the study of biological processes at the molecular level.
• Nucleic Acid are nucleotide polymers which high molecular mass, produced by living cells and found in both the nucleus and cytoplasm.
• Chromosome is a DNA-histone protein thread, usually associated with RNA, occurring in the nucleus of a cell.
• Genome refers to the total genetic information carried by a single set of chromosomes in a haploid nucleus.
• RNA is the single stranded form of genetic material of organisms, resulting from the DNA transcription.
• Population Genetics focuses on heredity in groups of individuals for traits determined by one or only a few genes.
• Quantitative Genetics focuses on heredity in groups of individuals for traits determined by many genes simultaneously.
• DNA is the double stranded form of genetic material of organisms.
• Protein is a polymer that has a high relative molecular mass of amino acids.
• Polypeptide is a linear polymer that consists of ten or more amino acids linked by peptide bonds.
• Amino Acid is an organic compound containing an acidic carboxyl group and a basic amino group.
• Molecular Genetics focuses on the structure and function of genes at the molecular level.
• Biochemistry tells you what a protein can do in vitro, but doesn't tell you whether it really does it in vivo.
• Unit structure of nucleic acid is the nucleotide.
• Chromosomes contain hundreds of genes encoded within their DNA.
• Molecular genetics focuses on the genome, DNA structure, chemisty of DNA, transcription, translation, control of gene expression, and DNA cloning.
• Molecular genetics is the study of gene structure, function, and regulation - below the organism level.
• Molecular genetics is the study of genes and how they are expressed.
• The molecular basis of genetics are

  1. genome
  2. chromosome
  3. dna/rna
  4. nucleic acid
  5. protein
  6. amino acid