GBIO50 finals

• Hygroscopic Movement is the movement of part of the plant that is caused by the influence of the change of water level or moisture from its cells.
• Examples of Hygroscopic Movement include the breaking of the dried Calanchoe pinnata fruit and Ferns (Division Polypodiophyta), which is the diploid sporophyte generation of the plant.
• Parts of the Fern Fronds, leaves of the ferns typically consisted of a leafy blade and petiole.
• Sori are groups of sporangia (sing sporangium), which contain spores.
• Mimosa pudica exhibits a complex taxis movement, involving four or more examples.
• Phototaxis is a type of taxis movement caused by light stimuli, such as the movement of the chlorophyll near the surface of the plant.
• Taxis movement is the transfer movement of all parts of the plant, the direction of which is determined by the stimulus.
• Chemotaxis is a type of taxis movement caused by chemical stimuli, such as the movement of the spermatozoids to the archegonium of the ferns or mosses.
• Young sori are commonly covered by a protective tissue called as indusia.
• Fiddleheads are the predecessor of the fronds of the fern.
• The life cycle of the ferns requires two generations of plants or what we call the alternation of generations.
• The shrinkage of the peristome cells causes the opening of the sporangium of the cells.
• The Diploid Generation (Sporophyte) carries two identical sets of chromosomes in each cell.
• The leafy fern with sori are called as sporophyte and contains the antheridium, the male reproductive part of the fern.
• The Haploid Generation (Prothallus or Gametophyte) is a little heart-shaped plantlet that contains haploid cells and contains one set of chromosomes.
• The archegonium is the female part of the fern.
• Thigmotropism is a bending or turning of plant in response to touch.
• Exogenous Movement is plant movement caused by external stimulus.
• Thermonasty is a movement due to temperature changes or variations, for example, the blooming of the Tulip ( Tulipa sp.) during summer season.
• Types of Nastic Movement include Photonasty, which is a movement due to the changes in light intensity, and Nyctinasty, which is a “sleeping movement” governed by variations in light and temperature.
• The peristome consists of teeth-like sheets of cells that aid in spore dispersal.
• Examples of Endogenous Movement include Cytoplasmic Streaming and Photoperiodism.
• Tropism is a directional growth movement of the plant caused by a stimuli, where Positive means the plant, or a part of it, grows in the direction from which the stimulus originates and Negative means growth away from the stimulus.
• The operculum is a lid-like structure of the capsule, where the spores pops off when matured.
• Hydrotropism is a growth of the plant in response to water.
• Types of Exogenous Movement include Tropism (Trophic Movement), Phototropism, Gravitropism, Thigmotropism, and Chemotropism.
• Types of Tropism include Phototropism, which is a directional movement by light, and Gravitropism, which is a directional movement by gravity.
• The capsule where sporangia are contained is referred to as the operculum.
• External Stimulus can be light, gravity, water, touch, or chemical substances.
• Chemotropism is a growth of the plant in response to the chemical stimuli.
• Nastic Movement is a non-directional movement of the plant caused by an external stimuli, for example, Makahiya pant ( Mimosa pudica ) opens and closes its leaves in response to touch.
• Thigmonasty or Seismonasty is a response due to mechanical stimuli, such as touch, strong wind, or rain.
• Endogenous Movement is a movement whose cause is unknown yet but is predicted that the motion is caused by some stimulus that comes from the internal part of the plant.