GENBIO 2 L1 - Zoology

• Zoology is the study of animals
• , zoo = animals, logous = study of
• domain = eukarya

  kingdom = animalia
• Animals are multicellular and heterotrophic which means they can't produce their own food
• Animals are unwalled and are actively mobile for food acquisition
• Animals are generally ingestive with a digestive cavity
• Stomach is where food gets melted down with acid, and Small Intestine is where food absorption occurs
• Animals reproduce sexually, gametes to zygotes, zygotes to embryo, embryo to fetus
• animals have true tissues
• body symmetry is the repetition of body parts in an orderly fashion
• 1st type of symmetry is bilateral = mirror-image
• 2nd type of symmetry is radial = repeated along a central axis
• 3rd kind of symmetry is asymmetric = cant be divided
• directional terms = describe the positions of structures relative to other structures in the body
• superior or cranial - towards the upper part of the body
• inferior or caudal - towards the lower part of the body
• ventral or anterior - front
• dorsal or posterior - behind
• medial - midline of the body
• lateral - outerside
• proximal - close to the origin of the body trunk and point of attachment
• distal - further from the trunk and the point of attachment
• superficial or external - towards or at the body surface
• deep or internal - away from the body surface
• body planes and sections - hypothetical geometric planes used to divide the body into sections
• coronal plane or frontal plane- divides body into anterior and posterior positions (front and back)
• sagittal plane or lateral plane - divides body into left and right
• axial plane or transverse plane - divides body into upper and lower parts
• ectoderm - outer layer
• mesoderm - in between ectoderm and endoderm
• endoderm - inner layer
• 3 germ layer - triploblastic
• 2 germ layer (ectoderm and endoderm) - diploblastic
• Protostome

  • Blastopore develops into

  mouth first. Example : snail
• Deuterostome

  • Blastopore develops first

  into anus first.

  Example: Chordates
• Body Cavity

  • is a fluid-filled space inside the body that holds

  and protects internal organs.
• Acoelom - have no body cavity

  outside the digestive

  tract, the space between

  tissues that develop from

  the mesoderm and

  endoderm being filled

  with cells and connective

  tissue. Ex: Unsegmented Flatworms
• Pseudocoelom - false coelom, develops embryologically

  between the mesoderm

  and endoderm. Ex: Unsegmented Roundworms
• Coelom - a cavity that develops

  entirely within the

  mesoderm. Example: Segmented Roundworms
• Segmentation - a series of linearly arrayed

  compartments that

  typically look alike.