gen chem quizziee

• Matter is anything that has mass and volume
• Materials are made up of four primal matters: Air, Fire, Water, and Earth
• Aristotle suggested that all space is filled up with matter, thus, implying that there are no empty spaces.
• Leucippus and Democritus thought that all materials are made up of

  tiny bits of matter which cannot be divided further.
• Physical Properties - These are qualities that are readily observable or

  measurable without changing the matter’s composition.
• Chemical Properties - These are the characteristics that can only be seen when the chemical identity of a material is altered.
• Physical Properties may be further classified as

  intensive or extensive.
• INTENSIVE PROPERTIES - These properties do not depend on the amount of matter.
• EXTENSIVE PROPERTIES - These properties depend on the amount of matter.
• PURE SUBSTANCES - a kind of matter with a definite or fixed composition
• Pure Substances - made up of a specific number of atoms or groups of atoms that are combined through a chemical reaction
• Pure substances can be classified into elements and

  compounds.
• ELEMENTS - the simplest form of matter and is made up of only one kind of atom
• 118 elements known to exist arranged in the periodic table of elements
• COMPOUND - composed of two or more different elements that are

  combined in a fixed ratio by a chemical reaction.
• MIXTURES - consist of two or more pure substances that are combined physically.
• Mixtures may be further classified as homogeneous

  or heterogeneous
• Homogenous mixture consists of substances that are evenly distributed all throughout
• Heterogenous mixture consists of substances that are not evenly distributed all throughout
• Discontinuity of Matter: Matter is made up of particles instead of a primal material.
• Main ideas:

  1. Matter is composed of discrete particles.
  2. There is an empty space between particles of matter.
  3. The particles of matter are in constant motion.
• The periodic table of elements is the arrangement of all

  known elements according to their chemical properties.
• Compounds based on the presence of the element carbon are called organic and inorganic.
• Compounds based on the type of bonding are called ionic and covalent.
• Chemical products are materials that contain chemical substances that are manufactured and processed for specific purposes.
• A food supplement is any substance that is ingested in order to make up for one’s nutrient deficiency or to augment one’s dietary consumption.
• Antiseptics or antimicrobial medicines used to prevent infection of wounds.
• Cleaning products are chemical products that are used to remove dirt on hard surfaces.
• Maintenance products are used for servicing, repairing, and restoring various materials or equipment to keep them from functioning.
• The beginning of the ancient concept of an atom started when

  Democritus stated that all matter consists of tiny particles that were

  so tiny that they could not be further broken down into any

  smaller pieces.
• Democritus called these tiny particles as atomos which literally

  means indivisible.
• In 1803, John Dalton, developed the first atomic theory and introduced the use of symbols to represent the elements.
• Postulate 1

  Elements are composed of extremely small particles, called atoms.
• Postulate 2

  All atoms of a given element are identical, having the same size,

  mass, and chemical properties. The atoms of one element are

  different from the atoms of all other elements.
• Postulate 3

  Compounds are composed of atoms of more than one element. In any compound, the ratio of the numbers of atoms of any two of the element present is either an integer or a simple fraction.
• Postulate 4

  A chemical reaction involves only the separation, combination, or

  rearrangement of atoms; it does not result in their creation or destruction.
• Atoms are the building blocks of matter that make up everything that exists in our world.
• The law of conservation of mass states that matter can be neither created nor destroyed.
• Joseph Proust, a french chemist proposed the law of constant composition.
• He stated that if a pure compound is broken down into its constituent elements, the masses of the constituents will always have the same proportions, regardless of the quantity or source of the original substance.