HEALTH REPRODUCTION

• The male reproductive system consists of the testes, epididymis, vas deferens, seminal vesicles, prostate gland, bulbourethral glands, penis, scrotum, and accessory ducts.
• Sperm cells are produced by spermatogenesis in the seminiferous tubules within the testes.
• Testosterone is secreted by Leydig's cells in the interstitial tissue between the seminiferous tubules.
• Cervix: opening of the uterus into the vagina.
• Cowper's gland: contributes a protein-rich fluid to semen that acts as a lubricant.
• Embryogenesis: embryo development.
• Endometrium: layer of blood-rich tissue lining the uterus shed during menstruation if no pregnancy occurs.
• Epididymis: where sperm complete final development of the head, which is the location of the chromosomes, and flagellum, or tail.
• Fallopian tube: site of ejection of the egg from the ovary; location of fertilization of an egg by a sperm.
• Follicles: contain oocytes and may mature into eggs.
• Follicular stage: stage of the menstrual cycle when the egg matures in the follicles.
• Gametes: specialized cells containing genes from each parent, allowing for genetically distinct offspring (in males, sperm; in females, eggs).
• Gonads: reproductive organs.
• Luteal phase: stage of the menstrual cycle when hormone levels fall as egg is not fertilized, triggering menstruation.
• Menstrual cycle: monthly process during which the egg and uterine lining are discharged from the body if fertilization fails to occur after ovulation.
• Menstruation: shedding of the uterine lining.
• Oocytes: primary cells that undergo one phase of meiosis, then lay in wait until adolescence, when they continue dividing and maturing.
• Oogenesis: the production of female gametes, or eggs.
• Ovaries: the site of oogenesis and location of follicles.
• Ovulation: in human females, the stage of the monthly menstrual cycle when eggs mature and are released.
• Penis: male organ containing the urethra through which urine and semen exit the body; becomes rigid during sexual arousal.
• Placenta: an organ that allows diffusion of nutrients and oxygen to the embryo and embryo waste to the mother.
• Proliferative phase: stage of the menstrual cycle when new lining begins to develop in the uterus.
• Prostate gland: contributes an alkaline fluid to semen that counteracts the acidity of the vaginal tract.
• Scrotum: a sac-like structure that houses the testes.
• Secretory phase: stage of the menstrual cycle when blood flow increases in the uterus to prepare for potential egg implantation.
• Semen: mixture of sperm and fluids ejaculated from the male body at the urethra.
• Seminal vesicles: secrete the bulk of the fluid that makes up semen.
• Sperm: male reproductive cell (gamete)
• Spermatogenesis: sperm development.
• Testes: male pair of organs where sperm are produced.
• Umbilical cord: transports blood to and from the embryo.
• Uterus: muscular organ that houses the fetus during pregnancy.
• Vagina: muscular passage from the cervix to the outside of the body.
• Vas deferens: a long tube that carries sperm to the urethra.
• Zygote: combination of male and female gametes in fertilization; develops into an embryo.
• Gametes, the male and female sex cells, are produced through meiosis in the ovaries and testes
• Sperm and egg are gametes, each containing half the genetic information necessary for reproduction
• Secondary oocytes are produced by the ovaries and released into the uterine tube
• Ovaries produce oocytes, estrogen, progesterone, and other hormones