ANPH - INTRO TO HUMAN BODY

• Anatomy is the science of body structures and the relationships among them, first studied by dissection, the careful cutting apart of body structures to study their relationships.
• Physiology is the science of body functions, how body parts work.
• Embryology is the study of the formation and development of an embryo and fetus.
• Developmental Biology is the study of the organisms' life cycles from single cell to complex reproducing and aging multi-cellular organisms.
• Cell Biology is a branch of biology that studies the structure, function, and behavior of cells.
• Histology is the microscopic study of tissues and organs through sectioning, staining, and examining those sections under a microscope.
• Surface Anatomy is the study of the external features of the body of an animal, dealing with anatomical features that can be studied by sight, without dissection.
• Gross Anatomy is the study of those body structures large enough to be examined without the help of magnifying devices.
• Systemic Anatomy looks at a group of structures that work together to perform a unique body function.
• Regional Anatomy is the study of anatomy based on regions or divisions of the body and emphasizing the relations between various structures in that region.
• Radiographic Anatomy is an anatomy discipline which involves the study of anatomy through the use of radiographic films.
• Pathological Anatomy deals with the diagnosis of diseases based on the macroscopic examination of surgical and microscopic parts for the examination of cells and tissues.
• Neurophysiology deals with the measurement and assessment of nervous system function, rather than the anatomy of the nervous system.
• Endocrinology deals with the endocrine system, its diseases, and its specific secretions known as hormone.
• Cardiovascular Physiology is the study of the function of the heart, the blood vessels, and the blood.
• Immunology covers the study of immune systems in all organisms.
• Respiratory Physiology includes all the processes of gas exchange and transport between the atmosphere and the body tissues.
• Renal Physiology is the study of the physiology of the kidney.
• Exercise Physiology describes, explains, and uses the body's responses to acute exercise and its adaptation to chronic training to maximize human physical potential.
• Pathophysiology is concerning disordered physiological processes that cause, result from, or are otherwise associated with a disease or injury.
• Chemical Level: Atoms are the smallest unit of matter that participate in chemical reactions.
• Molecules are two or more atoms joined together.
• Cellular Level: Molecules combine to form cells, the basic structural and functional units of an organism.
• Tissue Level: Tissues are group of cells and the materials surrounding them that work together to perform a particular function.
• Organ Level: At this level, different types of tissues are joined together.
• Organs are structures that are composed of two or more different types of tissues; they have specific functions and usually have recognizable shapes.
• System Level: A system consists of related organs with a common function.
• Organismal Level: All the parts of the human body functioning together constitute the total organism.
• Metabolism is the sum of all he chemical processes that occur in the body.
• Catabolism is the breakdown of complex chemical substances into simpler components.
• Anabolism is the building up of complex chemical substances from smaller, simpler components.
• Responsiveness: It is the ability of the body to detect and respond to changes in the environment
• Movement: Includes motion of the whole body, individual organs, single cells, and even tiny structures inside the cells
• Growth and Development: Growth is defined as an increase in mass
• Growth is made possible by a set of processes that involve in the intake of substances from the external environment and incorporating these into the inner structure of the organism
• Development results from different capabilities.
• Differentiation: Is the development of a cell from an unspecialized to a specialized state
• Each type of cell in the body has a specialized structure and function that differs from its precursor cells.
• Reproduction: Refers either to the formation of new cells for tissue growth, repair, or replacement, or to the production of a new individual.
• In humans, the process of reproduction occurs continuously throughout life, which means it continues from one generation to the next through reproduction, the fertilization of ovum by a sperm cell.