3.3.1 Introduction to organic chemistr

• Hydrocarbons contain only hydrogen and carbon atoms
• Homologous series is a family of molecules which have the same general formula, similar chemical properties but gradual change in physical properties.
• saturated is a molecule that only contains single bonds
• Structural isomers are compound with the same molecular formula but different structures
• Chain isomerism occurs when compounds have the same molecular formula but the carbon atoms are joined differently
• Positional isomers have the same carbon skeleton but the functional group can be joined at different points on the skeleton.
• Functional group isomers contain different functional groups but have the same molecular formula.
• Stereoisomers are compounds which have the same molecular and structural formulae but, their atoms are arranged differently in space.
• CIP Rules

  An ethyl substituent takes priority over a methyl substituent. At the connectivity of the stereocenter, both have a carbon atom, which are equal in rank. Going down the chains, a methyl has only has hydrogen atoms attached to it, whereas the ethyl has another carbon atom. The carbon atom on the ethyl is the first point of difference and has a higher atomic number than hydrogen; therefore the ethyl takes priority over the methyl.