Range of a function is all the possible values of a dependant variable (usually y)
Domain of a function is all possible values of independant variable (usually x), for which dependant variable (usually y) is defined
The expression (f∘g)(x) means "function of a function", and can be rewritten as f(g(x)). To solve it, we need to put the equation, that describes function g(x), instead of independant variable at function f(x).
A function is even if f(−x)=f(x) for all x in the domain of f
A function is odd if f(−x)=−f(x) for all x in the domain of f.
Solve for x means to isolate x - so on one side of equation there will be only x.