Work & Income

    Cards (19)

    • The pay gap between women and men is 9%
    • 70% of people who are in national minimum wage jobs are women
    • 300,000 women are sacked from their jobs for being pregnant
    • 70% of women reduce work hours or quit jobs after having children but only 11% of men do the same thing
    • 440,000 women lose out on promotions and pay rises as a result of being pregnant
    • Which sociologist found that Gender pay gaps among graduates are evident after 7 years of graduation?
      Purcell et al
    • Purcell et al found that the gender pay gaps among graduates were evident after 7 years. She believes this is because of discrimination and not any other reasons as these women are still young (not yet mothers).
    • Barron and Norris - found that there is a dual labour market. Women are in the secondary labour market ( the 5C’s) and men are in the primary labour market.
    • Horizontal segregation refers to how many different job areas men and women are in.
    • The Women and Work Commission 2006 found that women were disproportionally clustered into the 5Cs. Which were cleaning, caring, cashiering, catering and clerical (low-status office jobs).
    • What types of jobs are in the secondary labour market?
      Temporary, part-time, low-wage, and often lacking benefits.
    • What types of jobs are in the primary labour market?
      High-skilled, well-paid, stable jobs with opportunities for advancement.
    • Women are 14% more likely to live in poverty
    • What are the 4 reasons why women are disadvantaged within Work & Income?
      1. Pay - Purcell et Al
      2. Horizontal segregation - Barron & Norris
      3. Vertical segregation - The glass ceiling
      4. Poverty - Flaherty, Lister
    • What does Vertical Segregation mean?
      Meaning women can not move up the ladder to get promotions.
    • What is the reason for Vertical segregation?
      The reason is the glass ceiling and discrimination.
    • What is one example of Vertical segregation?

      One example is the large number of female primary school teachers but a tiny percentage of women having top jobs like headteachers
    • Flaherty believes the reason for why women are 14% more likely to be living in poverty is the pay gap, the types of jobs women get and discrimination
    • Lister - adds to Flaherty's argument claiming that women are more likely to have to deal with the consequences and pressures of living in poverty eg raising children — leading to greater stress and poor health.
    See similar decks