Biology unit 6,7,8

• Carbohydrate function in human?


  source of energy
• protein function in human?


  growth and repair
• lipid function in human?

  insulation and energy storage
• Dietary fibre function in human?

  Provides bulk for the intestine to push food through it
• vitamins function in human?


  needed in small quantities to maintain health
• minerals function in human?


  needed in small quantities to maintain health
• water function in human?


  needed for chemical reaction to take place in cells
• Vitamin C deficiency?

  Scurvy
• calcium deficiency?

  osteoporosis
• Vitamin D deficinecy?

  Rickets
• Ingestion?


  taking in food or drinks through the mouth
• Mechanical digestion?


  breakdown of food in smaller pieces without chemical change to food molecules
• Chemical digestion?


  the breakdown of large, insoluble molecules into small, soluble molecules
• Absorption?

  the movement of small food molecules and ions through the wall of the intestine into the blood
• Assimilation?


  the movement of digested food molecules into the cells of the body where they are used, becoming part of the cells
• Egestion?


  the passing out of food that has not been digested or absorbed, as faeces, through the anus
• first step of digestion?

  mouth/salivary glands
• Mouth/salivary glands function?

  chew food, amylase in saliva starts to break down starch
• second step of digestion?

  oesopahgus
• oesophagus function?


  connects mouth to stomach, wave like contractions push food down
• third step of digestion?

  Stomach
• stomach function?


  food is mechanically digested by churning actions, protease enzymes start to chemically digest proteins, hydrochloric acid kills bacteria
• fourth step in digestion?

  small intestine
• first section of small intestine function?

  duodenum, food gets digested by enzymes made there and in the pancreas
• second section of small intestine function?

  ileum, absorption of digested food molecules takes place
• small intestine ph?

  slightly alkaline, 8 or 9
• fifth step in digestion?

  large intestine
• large intestine function?

  water is absorbed to produce faeces, faeces are stored in the rectum and exit through the anus
• pancreas function?


  produces enzymes
• sixth step of digestion?

  liver
• liver function?


  produces bile to emulsify fats, amino acids not used for protein get broken down to make urea
• gal bladder function?

  stores bile to release into duodenum as required
• incisor?

  chisel shaped for biting and cutting
• canines?

   pointed for tearing, holding and biting
• premolars and molars?

  larger, flat surfaces with ridges at the edges for chewing and grinding up food
• top/first layer of tooth?

  enamel
• second layer of tooth?

  dentine
• third layer of tooth?

  nerves
• fourth layer of tooth?

  gum
• fifth layer of tooth?

  pulp cavity