SCIENCE

• Atoms make up everything, but what makes up atoms?
• Protons, electrons and neutrons are the three types of tiny particles that make up atoms.
• There are 118 different kinds of atoms which are each the smallest part of an element.
• Observing elements like gold, carbon, and oxygen reveals that they have very different properties that don't look or act the same.
• The number of protons inside an atom is what makes each element different.
• The first element hydrogen has one proton, the second element helium has two protons, and the third element lithium has three protons.
• The hundred and eighteenth element Oganesson has a hundred and eighteen protons in its nucleus.
• Electrons are much smaller than protons, and they zip around protons at lightning speed, making up an electron cloud around the atom.
• Electrons have a negative electrical charge, which always pulls towards the positive electrical charge of the protons.
• The pull between the positive protons and the negative electrons is called the electric force, and it's always there.
• Whenever a free electron gets close enough to a lonely proton, they'll become part of the same atom.
• All the stable elements have the same number of electrons and protons.
• Without neutrons, the electric force would cause the positively charged protons to push each other out of the atom.
• The strong nuclear force, or strong force for short, is a force that exists between neutrons and protons, which stops the protons from flying apart.