Principles of law

• The law is built on principles that protect rights, ensure fairness, and give everyone access to justice.
• Upholding Rights and Freedoms-

  The law protects certain basic rights for everyone, including:

  • The right to life
  • The right to freedom of expression
  • The right to a fair and free trial
• Rule of Law

  There are three main ideas:

  1. Everyone must obey the law, including leaders like politicians and the police.
  2. The law protects citizens from unfair treatment by the government.
  3. Everyone is accountable – breaking the law has consequences for everyone equally.
• Presumption of Innocence

  This means someone is innocent until proven guilty.

  • People on trial have the right to hear evidence, defend themselves, and be judged fairly.
  • Only when guilt is proven beyond reasonable doubt can someone be punished.
• Equality Before the Law

  Everyone should be treated equally, regardless of personal characteristics.

  • Everyone has the right to a fair, public hearing.
  • Accused people have the right to prepare a defence and question witnesses.
  • Judgements should be made public and appeals can be taken to higher courts.
• Access to Justice

  Everyone should be able to get justice, no matter their background.

  • No one should face unfair treatment because of things like poverty or social status.
  • Anyone on trial has the right to a legal defence, even if they can’t afford it (through legal aid).
• Threats to Access to Justice

  1. Cuts to legal aid funding – This can make it harder for poorer people to defend themselves.
  2. Closure of local courts – This means people have to travel further, which can affect those with health or money issues.