plants

• label !!

  A) epidermis

  B) cuticle

  C) mesophyll

  D) spongy

  E) epidermis

  F) guard

  G) stoma

  
• The palisade mesophyll layer of the leaf is adapted to absorb light efficiently.
• Palisade cells are packed with many chloroplasts and arranged closely together.
• Spongy mesophyll tissue is packed loosely for efficient gas exchange. T
• The spongy mesophyll cells are covered by a thin layer of water. Gases dissolve in this water as they move into and out of the cells.
• To enter the leaf, gases diffuse through small pores called stomata. As the stomata open, water is lost by the process of transpiration
• Simple multicellular organisms, such as small plants such as mosses, substances diffuse into the leaves and simple roots over their surface.
• Larger organisms do not have sufficient absorbing area to meet their needs. Their needs are represented by their volume.
• Larger plants and animals need transport systems and to ensure that they have sufficient absorbing surface area. This could be additional surfaces, such as the digestive system and lungs in animals, or adaptations such as the flattened shape of leaves, which increase their surface area.
• When the plant opens its stomata to let in carbon dioxide, water on the surface of the cells of the spongy mesophyll and palisade mesophyll evaporates and diffuses out of the leaf. This process is called transpiration.
• Root hairs are single-celled extensions of epidermal cells in the root. They grow between soil particles and absorb water and minerals from the soil.
• Water enters the root hair cells by osmosis. This happens because soil water has a higher water potential than the cytoplasm of the root hair cell. Minerals enter by active transport.
• okay !

  A) xylem

  B) root

  C) stem

  
• The rate of transpiration is affected by several factors.

  • temperature
  • humidity
  • air movement
  • light intensity
• fillit in girl

  A) increase

  B) decrease

  C) increase

  D) increase

  E) increases

  F) diffusion

  G) increased

  H) concentration

  I) increases

  J) diffuses

  K) photosynthesis

  
• Xylem transports water and mineral ions upwards from the roots up the plant stem and into the leaves
• The xylem is strengthened by lignin
• The phloem moves food substances produced by photosynthesis, for growth, storage and seed development. Transport is both up and down.
• The phloem has sieve tubes which connect one cell to the next, with companion cells attached to provide energy