pathogens

• Examples of viral diseases-

  tobacco mosaic virus

  HIV/ AIDS

  measles
• tobacco mosaic virus  It infects the chloroplasts of plant leaves and changes their colour from green to yellow or white in a mosaic pattern and reduces photosynthesis.
• HIV stands for human immunodeficiency virus. 
• HIV is transmitted by body fluids, often during unprotected sex, but also through cuts and injecting drugs using shared needles.
• AIDS stands for acquired immune deficiency syndrome.
• HIV can attack the immune system.
• Measles is a virus that is transmitted through the air in tiny droplets after an infected person sneezes. It causes a fever and skin rash. Most are vaccinated.
• Examples of bacterial diseases are:

  Gonorrhoea

  Salmonella
• Gonorrhoea is an STD caused by a bacterium. Gonorrhoea causes a burning pain when urinating and often forms a thick yellow or green discharge from an infected person's genetals
• Bacterial infections are treated with antibiotics.
• Viral infections are treated by antiviral drugs
• Salmonella is a food poisoning that can cause abdominal cramps, food poisoning and diarrhoea. In the UK, all chickens are vaccinated against it.
• Examples of protist disease are:

  -Malaria
• Malaria is spread by mosquitos. The mosquitos do not become ill and are called 'vectors' because they transmit the disease.
• The symptoms of malaria include a fever, sweats and chills, headaches, vomiting and diarrhoea
• Examples of fungal disease are:

  -Athlete's foot

  -Rose Black Spot
• Yeast is a fungus.
• Athlete's foot is a rash caused by a fungus that is usually found between people's toes. It causes dry, red and flaky or white, wet and cracked skin.
• Athletes foot is transmitted by touching infected skin or surfaces that have been previous contaminated.
• Rose black spot reduces the plant's ability to photosynthesize. It is transmitted through air and water.
• Diseases caused by pathogens are called communicable diseases
• viruses and bacteria both reproduce quickly
• the skin secretes antimicrobial substances
• the skin acts as a barrier against pathogens
• the trachea and bronchi secrete mucus to trap pathogens that have entered the body and are lined with cilia
• cilia are hairlike structures which waft mucus up to the back if the throat where it can be swallowed
• the stomach produces hydrochloric acid which kills pathogens that have been swallowed