topic 1 chapter 3 science

• Food is made up of chemicals called nutrients that are used for energy, growth, body building and cell repair
• Nutrients are divided into two groups: organic and inorganic.
• Organic nutrients are carbon-containing compounds that include carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and vitamins.
• Green plants form many of the organic compounds, while animals can modify others.
• Carbohydrates are used as an energy source for metabolism and are found in rice, grains, potatoes, and fruits.
• Proteins are used for structural molecules for body and help chemical reactions, and are found in meat, eggs, dairy products, legumes, and nuts.
• Lipids are used for storage of unused chemical energy and are found in vegetable oils, nut oils, and some dairy products.
• Vitamins are large organic molecules that help with enzymes function and are examples of nutrients that the human body can't make itself.
• Inorganic nutrients are substances that are not destroyed by cooking or exposure to air, and are referred to as minerals. they also dont contain carbon
• Minerals have certain requirements or how much is needed.
• Macrominerals need 100mg/day or more.
• Trace elements need less than 100mg/day.
• inorganic substances are essential for enzymes
• living things need a constant supply of raw materials and energy to provide new cells for growth, to repair damage from wear and tear and to stay healthy.

  most elements humans need are found in soil but the concentration is so low that we would have to eat so much, plants extract those minerals so we can get them. plants extract minerals in higher concentrations than the concentration it was origin at in soil.

  the root system is made for extracting minerals

  roots are covered in tiny root hairs for higher surface area for absorption because the root system is made for extracting minerals
• commercial fertilizers contain 3 parts

  > nitrogen

  > phosphorus

  > potassium
• these bags come into three part ratios and are in alphabetical orders

  first - nitrogen

  second - phosphorus

  third - potassium

  ex: 21:7:7
• nitrogen helps with leaf
• phosphorus helps with roots
• potassium helps with flowers
• nitrogen comes from two places

  > nitrogen cycle

  > commercial process (uses minerals from nitrates)
• phosphorus comes from a commercial process from fossils and bat poop
• potassium comes from mineral potash from the earth