Chapter 2: Body Structure

• The cell is the basic unit of living organisms that carries out metabolism, creates ATP, and carries out all body activities
• Metabolism is the sum of all body physical and chemical activity
• The main components of a cell include proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids
• Proteins contain enzymes, hormones, and other structural materials
• Carbohydrates include glucose containing sugars that circulate the blood to provide energy to cells
• Lipids, including fats, may make up hormones and are stored in adipose
• The cytoplasm is the fluid that fills a cell and holds the organelles
• An organelle is a specialised structure within a cell that performs a specific function
• Diseases affect specific parts of cells, including cystic fibrosis and diabetes, which affect the membrane
• The nucleus is the control center of the cell and contains the genetic material in the form of chromosomes
• A chromosome is a thread-like body in a cell's nucleus that contains genetic info
• A gene is a hereditary unit composed of DNA and combined with other genes to form chromosomes
• Microvilli are short extensions of a cell membrane that absorb materials into a cell
• A nucleolus is a small body in the nucleus that makes ribosomes
• The cytosol is the fluid portion of the cytoplasm and surrounds organelles
• The Golgi apparatus is a series of membrane layers that modify, sort, and prep proteins for transport in and out of the cell
• The lysosome is a small digestive enzyme sacs that digest substances in the cell
• The peroxisome is the membrane-enclosed organelles containing enzymes to breakdown harmful substances
• A centriole is a rod-shaped body near the nucleus that helps separate chromosomes during division
• The cilia (short hair) and flagellum (tail) moves the cell around'
• morpho

  form
• cyt/o, -cyte

  cell
• nucle/o

  nucleus
• kary/o

  nucleus
• hist(i)/o

  tissue
• fibr/o

  fiber
• reticul/o

  network
• aden/o

  gland
• papil/o

  nipple
• myx/o

  mucus
• muc/o

  mucus
• somat/o, -some

  body
• blast/o, -blast

  immature cell
• gen

  origin, formation
• phag/o

  eat, ingest
• phil

  attract, absorb
• plas

  formation, develop
• trop

  action, affect
• troph/o

  feeding, growth
• -ace

  enzyme