unit test - digestive system

• The stomach churns and mixes food with stomach acids and enzymes to continue the digestive process that started in the mouth.
• what happens to enzymes when temperature is too high

  they break down (denature)
• what is enzyme function based on

  temperature and pH
• why is cellulose important

  because it creates roughage and fiber in our system preventing constipation
• what do the sphincters do

  cardiac sphincter: relation allows food to enter the stomach pyloric sphincter: allows food to exit the stomach to enter the duodenum
• what does saliva do

  a watery secretion that behins the digestive process lubricating food for swallowing and dissolving particles
• what does the large intestine do

  absorbs water from canal, putting 90% of it back to blood has 3 parts: transverse, ascending and descending colon
• what does the small intestine do

  most digestion occurs here - has 3 parts duodenum: digests food jejenum: breaks down remaining particles ileum: has less villi than the other 2, absorbs nutrients and pushes remaining undigested food to the large intestine
• what does the liver do

  its the largest internal organ that secretes bile and digests fat
• what is chyme

  thick stomach juices mxied with food
• what is ruga


  ruga or rugae for plural are folds in the stomach that allows for stomach expansion
• what does the stomach do

  it churns food while secreting chyme and gastric juices
• what is peristalsis

  an involuntary rythmic muscle contraction to move the bolus, occurs in stomach, esophagus, and small intestine
• what does the esophagus do


  its a muscular tube through which food passes from mouth to stomach. peristalsis occurs with the bolus glands in the lining of the esophagus secrete musus that keep it moist
• what are the teeth and what do they do

  4 lateral incisors and 4 central incisors: bite and cut food 4 canines: shred and tear food 8 molars and 12 premolars: grind and crush food
• what are polypeptides

  proteins made of a chain of amino acids
• what are amino acids


  used to make proteins
• what is the importance of lipids

  lipids store 2X the amoung of energy and aids in the absorption of vitamins. it insulates the body and protects organs and a key component in cell membranes
• where is excess glucose stored

  its stored in glycogen form in fat/adipose tiise, liver, or muscle cells
• what is the main structure of carbohyrdates

  2 hydrogen and 1 oxygen for every carbon 1:2:1
• what are carbohydrates?

  the bodys main source of energy short and long term comes from plants, synthesized from CO2 made of single sugar molecules or chains of sugar
• what are the 5 chemical of life

  1. carbohydrates 2. nucleaic acids 3. proteins 4. fats 5 vitamins and minerals