ANTA01

• FAITH: Complete trust or confidence in the doctrines of a religion, typically based on spiritual apprehension rather than empirical proof.
• Biological anthropology is a subdiscipline of anthropology that studies the biology and behaviour of humans, non-human primates and our fossil relatives.
• Archaeology is a subdiscipline of anthropology that studies the lifeways of past populations through their material culture, including artifacts.
• Cultural anthropology is a subdiscipline of anthropology that studies the cultural and biological evolution of modern humans, our ancestors, and non-human primates.
• Linguistic anthropology is a subdiscipline of anthropology that studies the origins and evolution of human speech and language, the role of symbols in society, social identity and cultural beliefs.
• Biological anthropology includes subfields such as osteology/skeletal biology, human biology and variation, molecular anthropology, primatology, and paleoanthropology.
• Osteology/skeletal biology is a subfield of biological anthropology that studies the skeletal structure and function.
• Human biology and variation is a subfield of biological anthropology that studies how humans vary in response to their environments.
• Molecular anthropology is a subfield of biological anthropology that studies the genetic makeup of modern humans, non-human primates and fossil relatives to understand our evolutionary past and genetic similarities and differences.
• Primatology is a subfield of biological anthropology that studies the biology and behaviour of non-human primates, including diet, locomotion, communication, social and reproductive behaviors.
• Paleoanthropology, also known as old anthropology, is a subfield of biological anthropology that studies skeletal structure and function.
• Biological anthropology also includes a subfield called bioarchaeology that studies skeletal material from archaeological sites.
• Paleopathology is a subfield of biological anthropology that studies disease and trauma in past populations.
• Human biology and variation includes a subfield called craniofacial biology that studies the skull and face.
• Variance in human biology and variation can be studied using a craniometer, which measures the skull.
• The frontal bone of the skull is not smooth due to lesions and inflammation due to syphilis.
• Variance in human biology and variation can also be studied using a craniometer.
• Physical anthropology is a discipline that dates to as far back as the eighteenth century when it focused mostly on physical variation among humans.
• Human biology explores how the human body is affected by different physical environments, cultural influences, and nutrition.
• Forensic anthropology uses the same techniques as bioarchaeologists to develop a biological profile for unidentified individuals, including estimating sex, age at death, height, ancestry, or other unique identifying features such as skeletal trauma or diseases.
• Science represents both a body of knowledge and the process for learning that knowledge (the scientific method).
• Bioarchaeology studies human skeletal remains along with the surrounding soils and other materials.
• A hypothesis is an explanation of observed facts; it details how and why observed phenomena are the way they are.
• These researchers dedicated themselves to measuring bodies and skulls (anthropometry and craniometry).
• The focus of physical anthropology is understanding how and why human and primate variation developed through evolutionary processes.
• Molecular anthropology uses molecular techniques (primarily genetics) to compare ancient and modern populations as well as to study living populations of humans or nonhuman primates.
• Paleoanthropology is the study of human ancestors from the distant past to learn how, why, and where they evolved.
• Belief is a firmly held opinion or conviction typically based on spiritual apprehension rather than empirical proof.
• A law is a prediction about what will happen given certain conditions, not an explanation for how or why it happens.
• A theory is an explanation of observations that addresses a wide range of phenomena.
• Primatology is the study of the anatomy, behaviour, ecology, and genetics of living and extinct nonhuman primates including apes, monkeys, tarsiers, lemurs, and lorises.
• Mead argued that nurture (i.e., socialization) more than nature (i.e., biology) shaped adolescent development.
• The Garbage Project, took place in the 1970s in Tucson, Arizona where participants excavated modern landfills as if they were a conventional dig site.
• The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis states that the language you speak allows you to think about some things and not other things.
• Cultural anthropology focuses on similarities and differences among living persons and societies.
• Mead concluded that U.S. parenting was more restrictive than to Samoan parenting, which allowed teenagers to freely explore their community and even their sexuality.
• Biological anthropologists are concerned with exploring how humans vary biologically, how humans adapt to their changing environments, and how humans have evolved and continue to evolve today.
• Whorf developed a strong version of the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, which states that language shapes thought.
• Mead went to live in the Samoan Islands and got to know the Samoan teenagers.
• Mead has been critiqued recently for exploiting the people she studied.