ATP

• active transport - drives/pumps/moves material across membrane from an area of lower to higher concentration requiring energy from the cell
• active transport requires transport proteins or vesicles
• active transport requires energy from ATP molecules to move substances against the concentration gradient
• sodium potassium pump - actively pumps out sodium ions to keep concentration low inside the cell. Then, pumps in potassium ions to keep concentration high
• endocytosis - process of taking liquids or particles into the cell by engulfing them in a vesicle; requires energy
• 2 types of endocytosis - phagocytosis & pinocytosis
• phagocytosis - "cell eating" - engulfing large particle
• phagocytosis is important to the immune system where white blood cells (macrophages) engulf bacteria and viruses into a vesicle and then fuse with a lysosome for digestion
• pinocytosis - engulfing liquids or small particles into a vesicle
• exocytosis - release of substances out of the cell using a vesicle and energy
• chemical energy for cell processes is carried by ATP
• carbohydrates and lipids - most important energy sources
• energy stored in molecules is released when molecules are broken down by series of chemical reactions
• ATP (adenosine triphosphate) - molecule used to transfer energy from food molecules to cell processes
• ATP is a short term energy supply in cells to power life processes
• energy is needed for building and breaking down molecules
• energy is needed for active transport
• energy is needed for production of new cells
• energy is needed for growth and repair