atomic structure

• What three particles are atoms made of?

  Proton, neutron, and electron
• What is found in the nucleus of an atom?

  Protons and neutrons
• Where are the electrons in an atom?

  On shells orbiting the nucleus
• What is an element?

  A pure substance made from one type of atom
• What is a compound?

  A pure substance made from bonded atoms
• What is a mixture?

  An impure substance made from unbonded elements
• What are common physical properties of metals?

  • High melting and boiling points
  • Good conductors of heat and electricity
  • Shiny appearance
  • Malleable
  • Hard and strong
  • High density
  • Sonorous
• What are common physical properties of non-metals?

  • Poor conductors of heat and electricity
  • Dull appearance
  • Weak and brittle
  • Low melting and boiling points
  • Not sonorous
• Why did Mendeleev leave gaps in his periodic table?

  For undiscovered elements
• What are the vertical columns in the periodic table called?

  Groups
• What are the horizontal rows in the periodic table called?

  Periods
• What does the group an element is in tell you about its electrons?

  How many it has in the outer shell
• What does the period an element is in tell you about its electrons?

  How many shells it has
• How many electrons can go in the first shell?

  2
• How many electrons can go in the second and third shells?

  8
• What name is given to the group 1 elements?

  The Alkali metals
• How does the reactivity of alkali metals change down the group?

  It increases
• What name is given to the group 7 elements?

  The Halogens
• How does the reactivity of halogens change down the group?

  It decreases
• Which scientist proposed the plum pudding model of the atom?

  JJ Thomson
• What is an ion?

  An atom or group with a charge
• If an atom gains electrons, does it form a positive or negative ion?

  Negative
• If an atom loses electrons, does it form a positive or negative ion?

  Positive
• What type of bond is formed when a metal transfers electron(s) to a non-metal?

  An ionic bond
• What is the general word equation for a reaction between a metal and an acid?

  Acid + metal 🡪 Salt + hydrogen
• What is the general word equation for a reaction between a metal oxide and an acid?

  Acid + metal oxide 🡪 Salt + water
• What is the general word equation for a reaction between a metal carbonate and an acid?

  Acid + metal carbonate 🡪 salt + carbon dioxide + water
• What is the test for Hydrogen gas?

  The squeaky pop test
• What is a displacement reaction?

  When a more reactive element replaces a less reactive one
• Which is more reactive, potassium or gold?

  Potassium