nutrittion

• proteins provides 4kcal/g of energy
• fats provides 9 kcal/g of energy
• sugar provides 4 kcal/g of energy
• simple carbohydrates include glucose, fructose, galactose
• there are 3 kinds of carbohydrates: complex, simple, and fiber
• simple carbohydrates are one molecule substances
• simple carbohydrates are called monosaccharides
• glucose- sometimes called dextrose made by plants through photo synthesis
• fructose- sometimes called levulose or fruit sugar
• galactose-like glucose
• complex carbohydrates are two molecule substances called disaccharides (starches)
• sucrose- glucose and fructose- called table sugar
• lactose- galactose and glucose- found in milk- called milk sugar
• maltose- glucose and glucose- formed from starch- called malt sugar
• sugar is stored in the liver and muscle
• when the body stores sugar it is converted into triglycerides
• two types of fiber insoluble and soluble
• lipids has 4 categories: saturated, monounsaturated, polyunsaturated, and trans fat
• monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats are healthy for the heart and blood vessels
• saturated fats- a type of fat in which the fatty acid chains all have single bonds
• saturated fats are SOLID at room temperature
• monounsaturated- a type of fat called a healthy fat, it has one double bond in the molecule making it LIQUID at room temp but solid when chilled
• polyunsaturated fats- a type of fat containing more than one double bond in a chain
• trans fat- are made when liquid oils are turned solid by a process called hydrogenation
• micronutrients, vitamins and minerals, don't give us energy
• macronutrients, carbohydrates, protein, and fat, do give us energy
• LDL- low density lipoprotein. "bad cholesterol" <100
• HDL- high density lipoprotein "good cholesterol" >50/40