gen chem 1

• Matter. Anything that occupies space and has a mass
• atoms.

  indivisible/uncuttable particle

  Democritus Philosopher
• Father of atomic theory: John Dalton
• Sub atomic

  neutron (James Chadwick)

  proton (Ernest Rutherford)

  electron (JJ thompson)
• Solid.

  closely packed, minimal movement

  definite shape, size volume

  incompressible

  high density
• Liquid

  widely seperated, free movement

  takes the shape of the container, definite volume

  difficult to compress

  lower density than solid
• KMT = Kinetic Molecular Theory
• Gas

  widely seperated, free movements

  indefinite shape, size, volume

  highly compressible

  low density
• Plasma.

  It is formed by heating and ionizing gas

  made up of positively charged particles

  no definite shape size volume

  high temp and pressure
• Bose-Einstein Condensate

  Satyendra Bose and Albert Einstein had predicted it in the 1920s BEC are made out of bosons that are super unexcited and super coldatomsClumping results to BEC when atoms have exactly the same levels of low energy (Ex. Rb Atoms)

  Bosons "smallest particle"
• Arrangement in increasing energy

  Bose-Einstein Condensate - solid - liquid - gas - Plasma
• Examples of Plasma

  Aurora or northern lights

  lightning

  neon
• Properties of matter

  Physical - The substance can be observed or measured without changing the identity of it.

  Chemical - Substance can be determined by changing the original chemical identity of it
• Physical Properties

  Extensive - Property that depends on the amount of matter in a sample

  Intensive- Property of matter that depends only on the type of matter in a sample and not on the amount
• Chemical Reactivity. Property of matter that depends only on the type of matter in a sample and not on the amount

  -ability to rust

  -ability to oxide

  statue of liberty : 5 years UP
• Water (Hv2O)
• Aqua Oxinada (Hv2Ov2)
• Methane (CH4)
• Carbon Dioxide (COv2)
• Ammonia (NHv3)
• Nitrus Oxide (Nv2O)
• Table Salt (NaCl)
• Chalk or Calcium Carbonate (CaCOv3)
• Glucose (Cv6Hv12Ov6)
• Ethyl Alcohol (Cv2Hv5OH)
• distillation, process involving the conversion of a liquid into vapour that is subsequently condensed back to liquid form
• Decantation is the process of separation of liquid from solid and other immiscible (non-mixing) liquids, by removing the liquid layer at the top from the layer of solid or liquid below
• Magnetic separation is the process of separating components of mixtures by using a magnet to attract magnetic substances
• filtration, the process in which solid particles in a liquid or gaseous fluid are removed by the use of a filter medium that permits the fluid to pass through but retains the solid particles