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A-level Psychology
Approaches
Origins of psychology
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Cards (34)
Who is often seen as the first person to make psychology scientific?
Wilhelm Wundt
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What did Wundt believe about the human mind?
It could be studied
scientifically
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When did Wundt set up the first psychological laboratory?
1879
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Where was Wundt's laboratory located?
Leipzig
,
Germany
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What aspects of behavior did Wundt study?
Controlled aspects of
sensation
and perception
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What was Wundt's approach to studying the human mind called?
Structuralism
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What technique did Wundt use for his studies?
Introspection
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What does introspection involve?
Analyzing one's own
thoughts
and feelings
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How did Wundt encourage participants to engage in introspection?
By focusing on their
thoughts
and sensations
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Why was introspection considered scientific?
It was recorded under
controlled conditions
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What did Wundt issue to all participants during introspection?
Standardized
instructions
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What criticism did behaviorists have about Wundt's approach?
Private
experiences
are not observable
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What is a weakness of Wundt's introspection method?
It lacked
reliability
in results
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Why could Wundt not establish general theories?
Participants had varying thoughts during
introspection
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Who achieved reliably reproducible results before Wundt?
Pavlov
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How has introspection been used in modern research?
To measure
happiness
in individuals
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What method did Hunter (2003) use to study happiness?
Participants recorded feelings with a
beeper
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What did Hunter's findings reveal about teenagers' happiness?
They were often
unhappy
, except when
challenged
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What challenge do psychologists face regarding introspection?
Little knowledge of
unconscious processes
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What do empiricists believe about knowledge?
It comes from
observations
and experience
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What assumptions underlie the scientific approach to psychology?
All
behavior
is caused and
predictable
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What does the scientific method in psychology emphasize?
Objectivity
and
replicability
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What do behaviorists focus on in psychology?
Observable
and
measurable
behavior
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What are the four characteristics of the scientific method?
Objective
,
replicable
,
controlled
,
predictable
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How did cognitive psychology emerge in the 1950s?
Using the
digital revolution
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How do cognitive psychologists study mental processes?
By conducting
scientific
lab experiments
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What has the biological approach contributed to psychology?
Investigating
physiological processes
with
technology
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What is a strength of modern psychology?
It can claim to be
scientific
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What do the learning approaches in psychology aim to do?
Describe, understand,
predict
, and
control
behavior
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What is a limitation of the nomothetic approach in psychology?
It loses the
uniqueness
of individuals
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What is a limitation of subjective data in psychology?
It may not always be
desirable
or possible
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What positive view does the Humanistic approach take?
Humans
seek to do good and achieve potential
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How have Wundt's methods influenced cognitive psychology?
They are seen as the
start
of
cognitive
psychology
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What have lab studies contributed to psychology?
Instrumental in explaining
phobias
and
conditioning
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