Origins of psychology

Cards (34)

  • Who is often seen as the first person to make psychology scientific?
    Wilhelm Wundt
  • What did Wundt believe about the human mind?
    It could be studied scientifically
  • When did Wundt set up the first psychological laboratory?
    1879
  • Where was Wundt's laboratory located?
    Leipzig, Germany
  • What aspects of behavior did Wundt study?
    Controlled aspects of sensation and perception
  • What was Wundt's approach to studying the human mind called?
    Structuralism
  • What technique did Wundt use for his studies?
    Introspection
  • What does introspection involve?
    Analyzing one's own thoughts and feelings
  • How did Wundt encourage participants to engage in introspection?
    By focusing on their thoughts and sensations
  • Why was introspection considered scientific?
    It was recorded under controlled conditions
  • What did Wundt issue to all participants during introspection?
    Standardized instructions
  • What criticism did behaviorists have about Wundt's approach?
    Private experiences are not observable
  • What is a weakness of Wundt's introspection method?
    It lacked reliability in results
  • Why could Wundt not establish general theories?
    Participants had varying thoughts during introspection
  • Who achieved reliably reproducible results before Wundt?
    Pavlov
  • How has introspection been used in modern research?
    To measure happiness in individuals
  • What method did Hunter (2003) use to study happiness?
    Participants recorded feelings with a beeper
  • What did Hunter's findings reveal about teenagers' happiness?
    They were often unhappy, except when challenged
  • What challenge do psychologists face regarding introspection?
    Little knowledge of unconscious processes
  • What do empiricists believe about knowledge?
    It comes from observations and experience
  • What assumptions underlie the scientific approach to psychology?
    All behavior is caused and predictable
  • What does the scientific method in psychology emphasize?
    Objectivity and replicability
  • What do behaviorists focus on in psychology?
    Observable and measurable behavior
  • What are the four characteristics of the scientific method?
    Objective, replicable, controlled, predictable
  • How did cognitive psychology emerge in the 1950s?
    Using the digital revolution
  • How do cognitive psychologists study mental processes?
    By conducting scientific lab experiments
  • What has the biological approach contributed to psychology?
    Investigating physiological processes with technology
  • What is a strength of modern psychology?
    It can claim to be scientific
  • What do the learning approaches in psychology aim to do?
    Describe, understand, predict, and control behavior
  • What is a limitation of the nomothetic approach in psychology?
    It loses the uniqueness of individuals
  • What is a limitation of subjective data in psychology?
    It may not always be desirable or possible
  • What positive view does the Humanistic approach take?
    Humans seek to do good and achieve potential
  • How have Wundt's methods influenced cognitive psychology?
    They are seen as the start of cognitive psychology
  • What have lab studies contributed to psychology?
    Instrumental in explaining phobias and conditioning