Science

• Troposphere starts at the Earth' surface and extends up to 14 kilometer.
• Troposphere is the densest part of the atmosphere.
• Temperature in the troposphere drops from about 17 degree celsius to -52 degree celsius.
• Almost all weather is in the troposphere.
• Stratosphere starts just above the troposphere and extends to 50 kilometers high.
• Stratosphere is dry and less dense than the troposphere.
• Temperature in the stratosphere increases gradually to -3 degree celsius due to the absorption of ultraviolet radiation.
• The ozone layer which absorbs and scatters the solar ultraviolet radiation is located in the stratosphere.
• Mesosphere starts just above the stratosphere and extends to 90 kilometers high.
• Temperatures in the mesosphere fall again to as low as -93 degree celsius as you increase in latitude.
• Thermosphere starts just above the mesosphere and extends to 200 kilometers high.
• Temperatures in the thermosphere go up as you increase in altitude due to the Sun's energy.
• Temperature in the thermosphere can go as high as 1, 727 degrees celsius.
• Chemical reactions occur much faster in the thermosphere.
• Exosphere is the region beyond the thermosphere, which extends to about 9600 km the outer limit of the atmosphere.
• Weather is the state of the atmosphere at a given time and place about temperature, air pressure, humidity, wind, cloudiness, and precipitation.
• Climate is the study of long-term weather patterns.
• Meteorology is the study of weather.
• Temperature is a measure of the degree of hotness of the air.
• Temperature is generally highest in the tropics and lowest near the poles.
• Air pressure is the force of the air on a given surface divided by the area of the surface.
• Regions with lower pressure than the surroundings are called low-pressured areas.
• Humidity is a measure of the amount of water vapor in the air.
• Relative humidity is the amount of vapor in the air divided by the air's vapor-holding capacity at that temperature.
• Wind is the horizontal movement of air, named after the direction from which it comes.
• Local Wind are winds that blow over short distances.
• Land Breeze occurs at night, when dry land cools faster than ocean water, causing the air above the water to be warmer and less dense than the air above the dry land.
• Clouds are condensed forms of atmospheric moisture consisting of small water droplets or tiny ice crystals.
• Most clouds and almost all precipitation are produced by the cooling of air as it rises.
• When air temperature is reduced, excess water vapor in the air condenses into liquid droplets or ice crystals to form clouds.
• Cirrus clouds are the most common of the high clouds, composed of ice and are thin, wispy clouds blown by high winds into long streamers.
• Cirrus clouds are usually white and predict fair to pleasant weather.
• Cirrocumulus appear as small, rounded white puffs that appear in long rows.
• Altostratus are gray or blue-gray mid-level clouds composed of ice crystals and water droplets.
• Altocumulus are made of water droplets and appear as gray puffy masses.
• Stratus are uniform grayish clouds that often cover the entire sky.
• Stratocumulus are low, puffy, and gray, most form in rows with blue visible in between them.
• Stratocumulus form a dark gray, wet looking cloudy layer associated with precipitation.
• Most clouds and almost all precipitation are produced by the cooling of air as it rises.
• Condensation trails are left behind by jet engines.