SciTechSoc

• Science just happened, with no definite date or place where it first existed.
• Science can mean both the body of knowledge about the world as well as the process that led to the creation of that knowledge.
• The term “scientist” was only coined in the 1830s and caught on around the 1840s, made up by an English scientist named William Whewell who was also a historian of science and a priest.
• Whether Freud is more of a psychologist or a scientist is for people to decide.
• Freud may have been born in a much later period from the scientific revolution but his contribution to knowledge can be seen in many aspects of the human scene, including art, literature, philosophy, politics, and psychotherapy.
• Other industries looked to theories of mind in order to make their organizations run more smoothly.
• The fact remains that Freudian ideas and theories are still considered nowadays as a great inspiration to examine human mind and behavior in a more scientifically accepted way.
• Nicholas Oresme was a well-off alchemist and medical doctor who referred to themselves as a natural philosopher or “people who loved truths concerning the world around them”.
• Natural philosophy in the seventeenth-century was a combination of contemporary natural science, medicine, mathematics, some philosophy, and a tiny bit of religion.
• The Royal Society, a group knowledge-makers, was founded in 1660 as a College for the Promoting of Physio-Mathematical Experimental Learning and was re-founded as the Royal Society of London for the Improvement of Natural Knowledge in 1663.
• The Royal Society was started as a place to debate new ideas about nature, with its members demonstrating experiments in front of each other while witnessing the proofs behind their theories.
• The earliest scientists who adopted the creed of the Royal Society were not actual scientists, but well-off alchemists and medical doctors who referred to themselves as natural philosophers.
• The term “Scientific Revolution” is used to describe a period lasting roughly from the mid-1500s to the late 1700s.
• Darwin’s father originally wanted him to become a physician, but he hated the sight of blood, so he went to Cambridge to study natural history and professor John Stevens Henslow became his mentor.
• Darwin also had access to hundreds of specimens from similar-looking species that lived close to each other, but in slightly different environments.
• The voyage gave Darwin time to read the geological theories of Charles Lyell and think about gradual change over long ages.
• Nicolaus Copernicus, the author of De revolutionibus orbium coelestium or On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres, received the first copy of his book on his deathbed in 1543.
• Darwin found fossils of species that looked like a giant sloth, one like a giant capybara, and one like a giant armadillo.
• Charles Robert Darwin was born on February 12, 1809 to an intellectually gifted and wealthy family.
• Copernicus was a diplomat, a religious person, and generally risk-averse, so he dedicated his work to Pope Paul III and his publisher Andreas Osiander added an anonymous preface saying that the book was only a thought experiment.
• After graduating with a bachelor of arts degree in 1831, Henslow recommended Darwin for a naturalist’s position aboard the HMS Beagle.
• The ship, commanded by Captain Robert FitzRoy, was to take a five-year survey trip around the world.
• Darwin was seasick the entire five years, but it turned him into an extraordinary theorist.
• Copernicus knew about the heliocentric model espoused by the ancient Greek astronomer Aristarchus of Samos, who was born around 310 BCE, and guessed that the earth rotates on its axis.
• Most astronomers rejected the idea of a heliocentric model until Copernicus.
• The voyage also gave Darwin lots of opportunity to collect and compare fossils.
• Sigmund Freud learned a lot from Jean-Martin Charcot and Josef Breuer, a senior nerve doctor in Vienna, about using hypnosis to encourage patients to talk rather than move.
• Jean-Martin Charcot was one of the first users of the camera in medicine, moving toward mechanical objectivity, or trusting instruments over human senses.
• Sigmund Freud developed a new form of therapy, psychoanalysis, based on his work with Josef Breuer.
• The sciences of the brain and mind became more well known due to the application of psychological theories outside of the lab by Austrian physician-turned-talk therapist-turned-controversial philosopher, Sigmund Freud, who was born on May 6, 1856 at Freiberg, Moravia, Austrian Empire (now Příbor, Czech Republic).
• Jean-Martin Charcot also explored mesmerism, or hypnosis, and showed that hypnosis can cause physical symptoms, which he took to prove that hysteria was a neurological, not a psychological illness.
• In 1862, Europe’s most famous brain doctor, Jean-Martin Charcot, worked at Paris’s Salpêtrière Hospital, then the largest in the world.
• Sigmund Freud is so famous that historians sometimes call the twentieth century “the Freudian century.”
• Jean-Martin Charcot focused on trying to understand the “laws” governing hysteria, a condition with a long, problematic history and isn’t a disease today.
• Nicholas Oresme proposed a similar concept even before the Scientific Revolution, stating that the earth was not the center of the universe.
• Freud published On the History of the Psychoanalytic Movement in 1914, stating that psychoanalysis was a foregone success.
• Freud is not a traditional thinker, according to Weiner (2016), his method of psychoanalysis was proven to be effective in understanding some neurological conditions that were not understood by medicine at that time.
• Freud treated civilization as a necessary evil, as it represses sexual and aggressive drives.
• The mind sciences found perhaps an even more fertile home in industry, with advertisers including Freud’s nephew, Edward Bernays, adopting theories of mind and behavior in order to sell consumers increasingly mass-produced goods.
• Freud helped sell Fords.