Psychology

• Benefits of sleep

  Emotional stability

  physical repair

  healthy brain
• Stage 1 of sleep

  Light drowsy sleep
• Stage 2 of sleep

  Loss of conscious awareness
• Stage 3 of sleep

  Deep sleep
• stage 4 of sleep

  Deep sleep

  hard to wake someone up
• REM stage of sleep

  Dreaming stage

  brain waves like when your awake
• sleep onset insomnia

  Struggle to go to sleep
• Causes is onset insomnia

  Anxiety

  caffeine/nicotine

  heavy meals

  screens before bed
• Sleep maintenance insomnia

  Struggle to stay asleep
• causes of maintenance insomnia

  Depression

  alcohol

  with someone who snores
• Endogenous pacemakers 


  Biological clocks inside the body that regulate sleepiness and consciousness
• Exogenous zeitgbers 


  External cues like daylight and eating times
• length of a sleep cycle

  90 minutes
• why are urges repressed

  They are aggressive or sexual
• Where are the urges pushed

  Into the unconscious mind
• wish fulfilment 


  We dream about what we want to do
• manifest content

  Dreams are not literal but have a hidden meaning
• Criticism of Freuds theory

  Too subjective

  difficult to test

  historically and cultural biases
• Wolfman study design 


  Longitudinal case study
• Wolfman sample

  Man in twenties from wealthy Russian family
• Wolfman‘s dream

  white wolves starring at a tree
• what freud said

  Represented when Wolfman saw his parent having sex
• the Wolf represents

  The father
• the tree represents

  Christmas tree
• the white represents

  Bed sheets
• Freud conclusion

  Wolfman had a unconscious desire to be seduced by his father

  but fears being castrated
• Criticism of Wolfman

  Hard to generalise

  focuses on unconscious that can’t be tested

  recall of dream may be inaccurate