Unit 3 SCIENCE TEST

• Prokaryotes do not have a nucleus and their DNA is floating around inside.
• Eukaryotes have a nucleus and their DNA is inside.
• Ribosomes make and create proteins.
• The mitochondria is the powerhouse of the cell and it makes ATP (adenosine triphosphate).
• Carbohydrates are a fast source of energy because glucose, one of its sugars, is used to make ATP (energy).
• Lipids are hydrophobic and generally do not combine in water.
• Lipids, such as phospholipids, make up the cell membrane’s structure and are good for energy storage and insulation.
• Proteins are used in muscle tissue, hair, collagen, and nucleic acid.
• Nucleic acids hold all of your genetic information.
• Enzymes are substances produced by a living organism which act as a catalyst to bring about a specific biochemical reaction.
• Enzymes are also a type of protein, but not all enzymes have or are proteins.
• Induced Fit: When a substrate and a active site dont PERFECTLY fit together, both the substrate and the active site will mold themselves to fit, creating an ideal fit.
• The resulting item after any changes/a substrate fitting into the active site is called a product.
• Enzymes need an area in the digestive system that is preferably very acidic.
• Different enzymes need different ideal temperatures/pH ranges.
• The Cell Membrane is a thin but tough wall surrounding the cell and is also a sea of phospholipids (lipid bilayer) with protein channels, pumps, and carbohydrate markers.
• Diffusion: The net movement of a substance traveling down its concentration gradient, moving from high to low concentration, and is a passive form of transport.
• Osmosis: the diffusion of water across a membrane, strictly about water, and is a process that enables cells to maintain the proper water balance.
• Prokaryotes do not have a nucleus and have DNA floating around inside.
• Eukaryotes have a nucleus and DNA inside. Ribosomes make proteins and the mitochondria is the powerhouse of the cell, producing ATP.
• Carbohydrates are a fast source of energy, with monosaccharides as their building blocks.
• Lipids are hydrophobic molecules, including triglycerides, phospholipids, and steroids. They are important for energy storage and insulation.
• Proteins have amino acids as their building blocks and are found in beans, meats, nuts, and eggs. They have various functions, including muscle tissue, hair, and collagen.
• Nucleic acids, such as DNA and RNA, have nucleotides as their building blocks and carry genetic information.
• Enzymes are substances produced by living organisms that act as catalysts for specific biochemical reactions. They are often proteins and can undergo induced fit to achieve an ideal fit with their substrates.
• The cell membrane is a thin but tough wall surrounding the cell, composed of a lipid bilayer with protein channels, pumps, and carbohydrate markers.
• Diffusion is the net movement of a substance down its concentration gradient, while osmosis is the diffusion of water across a membrane.
• Osmosis: The diffusion of water across a membrane.
• Passive Transport: a type of membrane transport that does not require energy to move substances across cell membranes
• Active Transport: the movement of molecules or ions across a cell membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration—against the concentration gradient
• Solvent Concentration: a measure of the amount of solute that has been dissolved in a given amount of solvent or solution.
• Solute Concentration: the amount of solutes and particles that are dissolved in a solution
• Palpable: adj- able to be felt; easily perceived

  Indolently: adv- lazily; idly

  Naive: adj- unsophisticated

  Scruples: n- misgivings about something one feels is wrong

  Grotesque: adj- having a strange, bizarre design; shocking or offensive

  Genre: n - a specific type of music, film or writing (science fiction, fantasy, magic realism, romance,)

  Futile: adj- useless; hopeless

  Protagonist: n - the leading character or one of the major characters in a drama, movie, novel, or other fictional text.

  Antagonist: n - a person who is actively opposes or is hostile to someone or something; an adversary