sci10 3rd qrtr

• speed of light

  3.00 x 10^8 m/s
• 1eV = ?J

  1.602x10^-19 J
• Planck's constant


  6.626 x 10^-34
• Planck's equation


  E=hf
• blackbody radiation


  The electromagnetic radiation emitted from a heated solid
• How is the EM spectrum organized?

  decreasing wavelength and increasing frequency
• EM spectrum


  the range of wavelengths or frequencies over which electromagnetic radiation extends.
• Wave equation

  vc=fλ
• James Clerk Maxwell


  demonstrated that light consists of two transverse waves oscillating at right angles to each other
• Amplitude

  The maximum distance/hieght/dept of a wave.
• Trough


  Lowest point of a wave
• Crest


  Highest point of a wave
• Wavelength


  Horizontal distance between the crests or between the troughs of two adjacent waves
• Frequency


  the number of complete wavelengths that pass a point in a given time
• types of electromagnetic radiation

  radio waves, microwaves, infrared radiation, (visible light), UV radiation, X-Rays, gamma rays
• How is electromagnetic radiation produced?


  It is produced as the energy released as an electron transitions from a higher energy level to a lower energy level.
• electromagnetic radiation


  a form of energy that exhibits wavelike behavior as it travels through space
• Sources of electromagnetic waves

  * the sun* all mater (both space and earth)
• How are electromagnetic waves produced?


  When an electric charge vibrates or accelerates
• electromagnetic waves


  A form of energy that can travel through space.
• Evidence of Evolution

  1) Fossil Record2) biochemical3) comparative anatomy 4) embryonic development
• sympatric speciation


  The formation of new species in populations that live in the same geographic area
• parapatric speciation


  the evolution of new species within a spatially extended population that still has some gene flow
• peripatric speciation


  occurs when peripheral populations become geographically isolated from the main population and undergo genetic divergence and speciation
• alopatric speciation


  formation of new species from geographic isolation between populations
• Types of Speciation

  allopatric, peripatric, parapatric, sympatric
• factors affecting speciation

  *mutation*gene combination *natural selection
• Speciation


  the formation of new and distinct species in the course of evolution.
• Theory of Use and Disuse


  When an organism uses a body structure often, it becomes stronger and more developed. When an organism does not use a body structure, it becomes weaker and less developed
• natural selection


  A process in which individuals that have certain inherited traits tend to survive and reproduce at higher rates than other individuals because of those traits.
• natural selection & use and disuse

  Theories of Evolution
• relation of biodiversity and evolution


  *because of evolution, there is biodiversity *evolution is the key to biodiversity
• evolution


  The gradual change in the heritable characteristics of biological populations over successive generations
• biodiversity


  the variety of life in the world or in a particular habitat or ecosystem.
• radiowaves


  type of electromagnetic wave that has the longest wavelength but low frequency and it is use for communication
• microwaves


  type of electromagnetic wave : radar, cooking, telephone, and other signals
• infrared waves


  type of wave: transmits heat from sun, tires, radiators, and thermal scanner
• visible light


  type of wave that helps us see objects
• ultraviolet 


  type of waves that is absorbed by the skin, used in fluorescent tubes
• x-rays


  type of wave that is used to view the inside of bodies and objects