Psychology

• Experimental research involves manipulating variables and measuring the effects on other variables.
• The main difference between correlational and experimental research is that correlational research does not allow us to make causal statements about relationships between variables.
• In the phallic stage, from ages 3 to 6, the libido is focused on genital pleasure and the Oedipus complex.
• In the anal stage, from ages 2 to 3, the libido is focused on retaining feces.
• Positive correlation indicates that both variables increase together, while negative correlation means they decrease together.
• A correlation coefficient (r) measures the strength and direction of the linear association between two continuous variables.
• The latency period occurs during childhood (ages 7-12) when sexual desires are suppressed or repressed.
• Genetic factors can influence personality traits such as intelligence, temperament, and physical appearance.
• Psychoanalytic theory suggests that personality develops through five stages during childhood.