KAP3 - FEEDBACK

• 1 - a) Outline One quantitative finding from Milgram's study.

  100% of the participants got up to 300 volts in the electric shock
• 1 - b) Outline one qualitative finding from Milgram's study.

  People were displaying signs of nervousness by trembling ,, stuttering ,, some even had a seizure
• 2. Describe one of the personality measures used in Bocchiaro et al's study.

  One personality measure used in Bocchario's study was Hexico - Pr test; asking likert scale questions ,, rating from a scale of 1 to 5 - 1 being the lowest & 5 being the highest . There could be an 'R' which 1 becomes 5 ,, 2 becomes 4 ,, 3 is 3 ,, 2 is 4 and 5 is 1. It measures 6 key personality traits.
• 3. From Piliavin et al's study into Subway Samaritanism:

  a - 𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐰𝐡𝐚𝐭'𝐬 𝐦𝐞𝐚𝐧𝐭 𝐛𝐲 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐀𝐫𝐨𝐮𝐬𝐚𝐥: 𝐂𝐨𝐬𝐭-𝐑𝐞𝐰𝐚𝐫𝐝 𝐌𝐨𝐝𝐞𝐥.

  -> Arousal - observation of emergency situation creates emotional arousal bystanders

  -> Cost-Reward - bystanders response based on them weighing up cost / benefits of providing help

  b - 𝐎𝐮𝐭𝐥𝐢𝐧𝐞 𝐡𝐨𝐰 𝐭𝐡𝐢𝐬 𝐦𝐨𝐝𝐞𝐥 𝐜𝐚𝐧 𝐛𝐞 𝐮𝐬𝐞𝐝 𝐭𝐨 𝐞𝐱𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐨𝐧𝐞 𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐮𝐥𝐭 𝐟𝐫𝐨𝐦 𝐭𝐡𝐢𝐬 𝐬𝐭𝐮𝐝𝐲.

  -> People helped ill victims more.

  -> costs > rewards were thought more when thinking to help drunk victim
• 4. From Levine et al's study into cross-cultural altruism:

  a - 𝐈𝐝𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐢𝐟𝐲 𝐨𝐧𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐜𝐨𝐦𝐦𝐮𝐧𝐢𝐭𝐲 𝐯𝐚𝐫𝐢𝐚𝐛𝐥𝐞𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐋𝐞𝐯𝐢𝐧𝐞 𝐜𝐨𝐫𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐝 𝐰/ 𝐡𝐞𝐥𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐛𝐞𝐡𝐚𝐯𝐢𝐨𝐮𝐫

  -> Pace of Life

  b - 𝐎𝐮𝐭𝐥𝐢𝐧𝐞 𝐟𝐢𝐧𝐝𝐢𝐧𝐠𝐬 𝐢𝐧 𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐭𝐨 𝐭𝐡𝐢𝐬 𝐯𝐚𝐫𝐢𝐚𝐛𝐥𝐞

  -> PPP sig negatively correlated w helping behavior

  -> Lower PPP ,, higher help rate

  c - 𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐰𝐡𝐲 𝐭𝐡𝐢𝐬 𝐬𝐭𝐮𝐝𝐲 𝐜𝐚𝐧 𝐛𝐞 𝐝𝐞𝐬𝐜𝐫𝐢𝐛𝐞𝐝 𝐚𝐬 𝐪𝐮𝐚𝐬𝐢 𝐞𝐱𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭

  -> IV is nat occurring

  -> persons place of residence predetermined
• 5 - a) 𝐏𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐚𝐯𝐢𝐧'𝐬 𝐮𝐬𝐞𝐝 𝐚𝐧 𝐢𝐧𝐝𝐞𝐩𝐞𝐧𝐝𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐦𝐞𝐚𝐬𝐮𝐫𝐞𝐬 𝐝𝐞𝐬𝐢𝐠𝐧 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐢𝐫 𝐬𝐭𝐮𝐝𝐲 '𝐒𝐮𝐛𝐰𝐚𝐲 𝐒𝐚𝐦𝐚𝐫𝐢𝐭𝐚𝐧'.

  𝐃𝐞𝐬𝐜𝐫𝐢𝐛𝐞 𝐡𝐨𝐰 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐝𝐞𝐬𝐢𝐠𝐧 𝐰𝐚𝐬 𝐮𝐬𝐞𝐝 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐬𝐭𝐮𝐝𝐲.

  -> 1 group will take part in 1 condition

  -> conditions of drunk (bottle in a brown bag) // ill victim (cane)

  5 - b) 𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐨𝐧𝐞 𝐰𝐞𝐚𝐤𝐧𝐞𝐬𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐮𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐚𝐧 𝐢𝐧𝐝𝐞𝐩𝐞𝐧𝐝𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐦𝐞𝐚𝐬𝐮𝐫𝐞𝐬 𝐝𝐞𝐬𝐢𝐠𝐧 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐢𝐬 𝐬𝐭𝐮𝐝𝐲.

  -> more time consuming

  -> more participant variables ; age ,, personality
• 𝟔. 𝐎𝐧𝐞 𝐬𝐢𝐦𝐢𝐥𝐚𝐫𝐢𝐭𝐲 𝐎𝐑 𝐝𝐢𝐟𝐟𝐞𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐞 𝐛𝐞𝐭𝐰𝐞𝐞𝐧 𝐌𝐢𝐥𝐠𝐫𝐚𝐦'𝐬 𝐬𝐭𝐮𝐝𝐲 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐁𝐨𝐜𝐜𝐡𝐢𝐚𝐫𝐨'𝐬 𝐬𝐭𝐮𝐝𝐲 𝐢𝐧𝐭𝐨 𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐩𝐨𝐧𝐬𝐞𝐬 𝐭𝐨 𝐩𝐞𝐨𝐩𝐥𝐞 𝐢𝐧 𝐚𝐮𝐭𝐡𝐨𝐫𝐢𝐭𝐲

  -> both using self-selected // opportunity sampling

  -> bocchiaro - flyer placed in cafeteria campus

  -> milgram - newspaper advert
• 𝟕. 𝐎𝐮𝐭𝐥𝐢𝐧𝐞 𝐨𝐧𝐞 𝐫𝐞𝐚𝐬𝐨𝐧 𝐰𝐡𝐲 𝐁𝐨𝐜𝐜𝐡𝐢𝐚𝐫𝐨'𝐬 𝐬𝐭𝐮𝐝𝐲 𝐢𝐧𝐭𝐨 𝐰𝐡𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐥𝐞𝐛𝐥𝐨𝐰𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐨𝐛𝐞𝐝𝐢𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐞 𝐜𝐚𝐧 𝐛𝐞 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐬𝐢𝐝𝐞𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐚𝐛𝐥𝐞.

  -> highly controlled experiment

  -> cause & effect relationships established

  -> one control's the specific electric shock they used 0 volts to 450 volts
• 𝟖𝐚. 𝐎𝐧𝐞 𝐫𝐞𝐚𝐬𝐨𝐧 𝐰𝐡𝐲 𝐌𝐢𝐥𝐠𝐫𝐚𝐦'𝐬 𝐬𝐭𝐮𝐝𝐲 𝐢𝐧𝐭𝐨 𝐨𝐛𝐞𝐝𝐢𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐞 𝐦𝐚𝐲 𝐛𝐞 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐬𝐢𝐝𝐞𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐯𝐚𝐥𝐢𝐝.

  -> as most participants have shown high levels of obedience

  -> most reached to 450 volts
• 𝟖𝐛. 𝐎𝐮𝐭𝐥𝐢𝐧𝐞 𝐨𝐧𝐞 𝐫𝐞𝐚𝐬𝐨𝐧 𝐰𝐡𝐲 𝐌𝐢𝐥𝐠𝐫𝐚𝐦'𝐬 𝐬𝐭𝐮𝐝𝐲 𝐢𝐧𝐭𝐨 𝐨𝐛𝐞𝐝𝐢𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐞 𝐦𝐚𝐲 𝐧𝐨𝐭 𝐛𝐞 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐬𝐢𝐝𝐞𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐯𝐚𝐥𝐢𝐝.

  -> they were paid

  -> felt obliged to continue